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Library of Professor Richard A. Macksey in Baltimore

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Saturday, December 8, 2012

TWO AUSTRIAN ARTISTS


TWO AUSTRIAN ARTISTS

Above: "Naked girl, resting in the bloody guts of a butchered sow" - Hermann Nitsch, 1998



Above:  "Mother Mary with the Holy Child Jesus Christ" - Adolf Hitler 1913
Below: A portrayal of a woman by Adolf Hitler

"Bathing in a Mountain Lake" - Adolf Hitler, 1933


This is how Nitsch portrays women

"Girl, together with a butchered pig under a cross" - Hermann Nitsch, 1998


Adolf Hitler's view of nature and Jesus

 "Mountain scene with wayside cross" - Adolf Hitler, 1923 - 1925


This is how Nitsch worships Jesus

"Jesus under bleeding pig" - Hermann Nitsch, 1998

Hitler's portrayal of Christian architecture

 "Karls-Church, Vienna" - Adolf Hitler, 1912 

This is how Nitsch portrays Christianity

"Jesus, crucified together with a butchered pig" - Hermann Nitsch, 1998



Adolf Hitler - "house painter"                           Hermann Nitsch -  "artist"       .
Adolf Hitler is called the "house painter", not a painter or an artist. Hermann Nitsch on the other hand is praised as being one of the greatest artists of our time. On August 10th, 1998 he concluded one of his most successful open air exhibitions of modern art, lasting for one week. Nitsch was cheered by the Austrian Chancellor, ministers and other government officials. All politically correct parties in Austria were in praise of the "unique artwork" of Hermann Nitsch. This genius is sponsored with Millions of Schillings by the Austrian government in order to secure the ongoing production of Nitsch's works. The Austrian government and the media believe that Nitsch can uplift one's spirit by his "touching creations". On the other hand, an individual will go to prison for up to 15 years if he possesses and shows or exhibits an Adolf Hitler painting.
This is an example of our democratic right of freedom of artistic expression and ideas. We are thankful that we can enjoy the outstanding works of Nitsch and are spared the horrors of Adolf Hitler's ugly scribbles. Thank God, democracy selects what we are allowed to see and what we are allowed to read and say.
Who's art do you want
your children to see?

Thursday, December 6, 2012

The War Goal of World Plutocracy


The source: Wolfgang Diewerge, Das Kriegsziel der Weltplutokratie. Dokumentarische Veröffentlichung zu dem Buch des Präsidenten der amerikanischen Friedensgesellschaft Theodore Nathan Kaufman “Deutschland muß sterben” (“Germany must perish”) (Berlin: Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1941).

The War Goal of World Plutocracy

A Documentary Publication on the Book by the President of the American Federation of Peace Theodore Nathan Kaufman “Germany Must Perish”

by Wolfgang Diewerge

At almost the same time that the two chief warmongers Roosevelt and Churchill were meeting on the American president’s luxury yacht “Potomac,” singing pious songs and praying for the victory of Bolshevism, leading personages in the United States and England received a small, long package that contained a miniature black coffin. Upon opening it, they found a card telling them: “Read the pamphlet ‘Germany Must Perish!” The day after this announcement, they received a 104-page booklet with a red cover, with “Germany must perish!” in gold lettering. The author was the president of the “American Federation of Peace,” the American Jew Theodore Nathan Kaufman from the ghetto of Manhattan.
The book called for exactly what its title suggested: the extermination of the entire German people, including women and children, and the partitioning of the territory of the Greater German Reich among its neighbors. As the way to exterminate a nation of 80 million people, the Jewish president proposed the disarming of the German people and the sterilization of all fertile men, women, and children.

Who is President Kaufman?

Kaufman CoverThe Jewish president Kaufman is no anonymous loner, no fanatic rejected by World Jewry, no insane creature, but rather a leading and widely-known Jewish figure in the United States. He belongs to Roosevelt’s so-called “Brain Trust,” the staff of politicians who provide intellectual and political advice to the American president.This circle provides the material for the hate-filled speeches against National Socialist Germany that President Roosevelt likes to give. It is the center of activity for those warmongers who expanded the war into the Balkans in the spring of 1941. The half-Jewish mayor of New York La Guardia, along with Roosevelt’s close confidante and friend Bernard Baruch (the “unofficial president” of the U.S.A.) also belong to this group, which maintains the closest ties to the leading men of the Soviet Union. They provide the impetus for the agitation for American military and material support for Bolshevism.
Theodore Nathan Kaufman belongs to this circle. He has appeared as a writer before. His influence on the American president has greatly increased in recent months. He is thought to be behind the meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill. The name Kaufman has also surfaced in connection with recent American terrorist actions in South America.

President Kaufman — Spokesman for World Plutocracy

It is indisputable that his book and his demand that “Germany must perish” is the official opinion of the leading circles of world plutocracy. In supposedly free America, a book not to the liking of world plutocracy has no hope of being published. It is either banned or bought out. Neither happened in the case of Kaufman’s book. To the contrary, it has been promoted in every way. Kaufman, of course, did not pay for the expensive propaganda, for example, the sending of those black coffins we previously mentioned. He claims to be the sole author, publisher and distributor. He even tries to make it appear that he gave this program of extermination to the world from a pure “love of humanity,” and that he would prefer to die in poverty rather than withhold these “noble thoughts” from others. That is an old Jewish trick that no longer works on Germany. All the Jewish murderers who have been previously caught used the same methods, which they learn from the Talmud. The Jew Frankfurter, who shot Wilhelm Gustloff [the head of the Nazi Party organization in Switzerland], claimed that he planned the crime alone and carried it out by himself, despite all the evidence that he had an exact map of the area, that he was in debt, and received money from large Jewish organizations. The Jew Grünspan, the cowardly murderer of the German embassy employee Ernst von Rath in Paris, never admitted to his links to the “Jewish World League,” although his close cooperation with this Jewish organization could be proven by the documents our troops found after occupying Paris.

World Jewry Affirms Murder as a Political Tool

The murderers’ racial comrades from the first announced that they did not approve of the crimes of either Frankfurter or Grünspan. At the same time as they were making these hypocritical statements, however, Jews from all over the world, along with major Jewish organizations, were sending the murderers letters and telegrams, praising them in newspapers, providing them with money and good, and hiring the best-known and most expensive lawyers. Bernhard Lecache, the president of the Jewish World League, had this to say from his then office in Paris about the Grünspan case on 9 November 1938, nearly a year before the beginning of the war:
“Our task is to declare pitiless war against Germany, the state enemy #1. One may be sure of this: We will fight this war until the Grünspans no longer need to go to gun shops to revenge with blood the misfortune of being a Jew!”
It is therefore to be expected that, at the moment the Jew Kaufman is revealed as an inciter to murder and his close relations with the president of the United States are uncovered, world plutocracy will deny it. This trick is obvious and has been used so often that it is recognized from the beginning. Just as Frankfurter and Grünspan remained admired figures for World Jewry even when they were in prison, Nathan Kaufman only wrote and demanded what is the goal and the dream of world plutocracy in this great battle that it has forced upon us.

The American Press on the Book’s Appearance

There is one other option. Just as with the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the Jews could claim that Germany Must Perish is a clever anti-Semitic forgery. One in fact could not imagine a worse charge against World Jewry than a plan to exterminate 80 million culturally advanced, industrious, and decent German women, men, and children. But this pamphlet is not the product of the hate-filled mind of a loner, but rather the capstone of thousands of years of Jewish plans for world domination. The Jews can no longer dispute the existence of the book. English and American newspapers have already promoted its distribution and discussed its contents. Copies of the book have also been flown to Germany. An original copy will be shown to the foreign press when this pamphlet is published. The picture on the cover of the author is also indisputable. And the publisher (Argyle Press, Newark, New Jersey) is also established.

Close Relationship with the Potomac Declaration

The book Germany Must Perish is the background music to the major foreign policy deception that the leaders of world plutocracy, President Roosevelt and his business partner in international warmongering, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, have launched to support their ally Stalin. While from the yacht “Potomac,” the peoples of Central Europe are promised raw materials, open shipping channels, peace and freedom, happiness and prosperity, the call that “Germany must perish and vanish forever from the face of the earth!” echoes through America and England.

Publication of the Jewish Book in the German Language Prohibited!

These tunes are not in harmony, and are also not intended for the same audiences. The alluring slogans from the “Potomac” were spread to German by lying radio stations. The Jew Kaufman’s book, on the other hand, has an interesting note on an interior page that bans any distribution or translation in foreign languages. The author further prohibits even excerpts of his book from being translated into German. That is further evidence that it is intended only for the internal use of Americans and Englishmen to help them understand the hypocrisy coming from the “Potomac.” The Germans first are to be persuaded to lay down their weapons. The promises Roosevelt and Churchill made are valid up to then. But when Germany is defenseless, the Jew Kaufman takes over.
The plan is carefully thought out and clever. Both the simultaneous publication and the inner consistency are important. The common source cannot be missed. World plutocracy’s hate speaks clearly from these documents. The international connections of world plutocracy are clearly visible.

New York, London, and Moscow are a Single Front

Just as Reaction, Bolshevism and liberalism were allied through their common Jewish foundations in the domestic German struggle against National Socialism, so today London, New York, and Moscow are arm and arm in the effort to create a second, more terrible Treaty of Versailles. This second Treaty of Versailles will bear no more relationship to the Potomac Declaration than the first Treaty of Versailles bore to Wilson’s declarations. World Jewry in New York, Moscow, and London agrees on the complete destruction of the German people. The Jew Kaufman has made himself the spokesman for this “peace proposal.”

Education about this Murderous Plan is Necessary for Germany

It is, therefore, fortune that his book fell into German hands in so timely a fashion for the entire German people to learn about it. Although reprinting it is forbidden, under international law, there is no objection to printing the central parts of a publication that concerns a community, in order to help that community form its own opinion.
Of course, this publication is unpleasant for the Jew Kaufman and particularly for those behind him. They will certainly attempt to interfere with this publication by legal tricks. As previously mentioned, Kaufman particularly feared that his book would become known in Germany. And now this Jew, who calls for the extermination of the German people, demands that the laws of the very people he wants to condemn to death for “lack of culture” and lawlessness” protect his filthy work. This by itself is enough to show the intellectual nature of the Jew Kaufman and his ilk. It is the same kind of shameless Jewish behavior we saw earlier in Moabit [a prison in Berlin], when Jewish murders were defended by Jewish attorneys. They wanted to ignore the law as long as they were carrying out their dark deeds. But as soon as they faced a verdict, they relied on German law.
It would be a terrible mistake to withhold this pamphlet from the German people. International law recognizes that the rights of an individual cease when the survival of an entire people requires the lifting of copyright regulations. That is the case here. The German people can fully understand the full significance of its fateful struggle only when it is a witness to the revealing of the Jew Theodore Nathan Kaufman.

The Jew as Pseudo-Scientist

Millions of American and British readers thus have a book in their hands that clearly demands the murder of the German people. Even in countries in which years of constantly growing agitation against everything having to do with Germany and National Socialism has corrupted judgment to the greatest degree possible, and in which public opinion has suffered under the greatest terror, such a brutal murder plan cannot be proclaimed without covering it with moral, historic and philosophic justifications. Thus the Jew Kaufman does not begin his book with the demand to sterilize the German people, but rather presents himself in Talmudic fashion to his readers as a patriot, philosopher, anthropologist, and general friend of humanity.
After proclaiming his love of peace, the Jew Kaufman next takes an interest in American soldiers. He hypocritically regrets the possibility that they might have to go into the field, and writes:
“If our soldiers must go forth to kill or die in battle, at least let them be given not alone a Slogan, but a Solemn Purpose and a Sacred Promise. Let that Purpose be an Enduring Peace! And, this time, that Promise must be kept!”
Who broke Wilson’s promises from 1917, which also proclaimed enduring peace? It was the powers that today once more demand the disarmament of the German people. Trusting in Wilson’s 14 Points, the Germans laid down their weapons in 1918. Today, on the basis of publications, laws and documents, the world knows that the German people were systematically betrayed. Instead of a just peace, world plutocracy’s leading mean dictated a program of destruction, based on ice-cold hate, the pinnacle of which was to lay all the blame for the war on the German people.

The Jew Hates Front Soldiers

Kaufman is so concerned about the “holy goals of the soldiers,” but who is it in all countries on earth who has insulted and betrayed front soldiers? We will not even speak of November Germany [November 1918]when they were the targets of crude Jewish mockery and miserable jokes, when communist bands incited by the Jews tore their medals from them, when military flyers with the Pour le mérite were murdered as deserters, when the cabaret Jews poured their filthiest thoughts on German heroes. No, even in the so-called victorious nations the front soldier was betrayed and the Jew was the war profiteer.

The War against the German People

The Jewish peace president Kaufman begins by discussing the reasons for the war the plutocrats wanted:
“Today’s war is not a war against Adolf Hitler. Nor is it a war against the Nazis. It is a war of peoples against peoples; of civilized peoples envisioning Light, against uncivilized barbarians who cherish darkness. It is a struggle between the German nation and humanity.
Hitler is no more to be blamed for this German war than was the Kaiser for the last one. Nor Bismarck before the Kaiser. These men did not originate Germany’s war against the world. They were merely the mirrors reflecting centuries-old inbred lust of the German nation for conquest and mass murder.”
The Jew openly admits that this war is being waged against the entire German people. He thereby reveals the swindle that worked in the World War and is now being tried again: separating the leadership from the people. In 1918, the German people believed that the abdication of the Kaiser and the elimination of the monarchy would bring them “a life of beauty and dignity.” The enemy exploited Germany’s lack of leadership for shameless oppression, which never would have been possible without the November revolt. Today, English agitation is attempting once more, this time in vain, to separate the German people from its leader. The Jew Kaufman cynically makes plain what one should think of the slogans of Roosevelt and Churchill. They are a trap for the stupid, a reaching back to the moth-eaten methods of the World War. Kaufman openly says what World Jewry wants: the hatred of world plutocracy is directed not only at the Führer, but against the entire German people.
And thus he adds the “proof” that the whole German people is guilty for this war, and is responsible for it:
“This war is being waged by the German People. It is they who are responsible. It is they who must be made to pay for the war. Otherwise, there will always be a German war against the world. And with such a sword forever hanging overhead the civilized nations of the world, no matter how great their hopes, how strenuous their efforts, will never succeed in creating that firm and solid foundation of permanent peace which they must first establish if they ever intend to start the building of a better world.”

Who wanted this war?

A digression is in order here: Who declared war on 3 September 1939? England and France used the local conflict over Danzig and the Corridor, where justice was indisputably on the side of Germany, to declare war on Germany and thus cause a world conflagration. And the United States has been trying to “get into the business” for months with repeated provocations. It prays daily for another “Lusitania,” and regrets that in the case of the “Athenia,” German attentiveness ruined their finely spun plans.

Murder from the “Love of Peace”?

Since the provocations did not succeed in making the war mood in the United States agree with the will of the Jews, moral arguments had to be found. The Jewish president Kaufman calls for world peace, and says that the death of the German people is the precondition for that.
“For not only must there be no more German wars in fact; there must not even remain the slightest possibility of one every again occurring. A final halt to German aggression, not a temporary cessation, must be the goal of the present struggle.
This time Germany has forced a TOTAL WAR upon the world.
As a result, she must be prepared to pay a TOTAL PENALTY.
And there is one, and only one, such Total Penalty.
Germany must perish forever!
In fact — not in fancy!”

The “War Lust” of the German People

To justify the murdering of 80 million people, Nathan Kaufman is forced to ascribe irremediable criminal tendencies to the German people. He declares that a lust for war is the most prominent characteristic of German men and women.
“The personal war-lust of those who lead the German people is but a component part of the war-lust which exists as a whole in the German masses. German leaders are not isolated from the will of the German people because apart from this will they could not come into being or exist at all. The personal inspiration, the motivation, even the acquiescence to their deeds are one and all drawn by German leaders from the very depths of the German national soul.”
The problem of Germanism must not gain be passed along to the next generation. The world must never again be stretched and tortured on the German rack. Ours is the problem; ours the solution. The world has learned that regardless of what leader or class rules Germany war will be waged against it by that country, because the force which compels it to action is an inseparable part of the mass-soul of that nation.”
Nothing is less true than this claim that the German people lust after war. At most, one can accuse us of being too good-natured and peace-loving over our history to take advantage of opportunities. The German people have always gone to war only after exhausting all other possibilities. Even during the current struggle, how often did the Führer extend his hand of peace, not because of defeats, but after brilliant victories! Each time the Jew spat on the hand that offered peace.

The Desire to Destroy Women and Children

To deal with the response that one cannot hold babies and old women responsible for German war lust, Kaufman performs some genuine Jewish calculations:
“In fact, we shall, in pursuing our point, favor Germany by allowing that as much as 20% of her population is entirely guiltless of complicity in her crimes, as well as being foreign to any share of her war-soul. We therefore grant, for argument’s sake, that some 15,000,000 Germans are absolutely innocent.
BUT — shall Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Austrians, Norwegians, Dutch, Belgians, Frenchmen, Greeks, Englishmen, Irishmen, Scotsmen, Canadians, Australians and Americans — for we too may ultimately feel the spike of the German boot — shall all these people, numbering some 300,000,000 of the most civilized, most enlightened on earth suffer constantly and face unnatural death every generation so that some small part of Germany’s population may continue to exist? Are those 15,000,000 Germans so valuable, so indispensable to mankind, that 300,000,000 guiltless men, women and children shall fight a war with Germany every time she so decrees? Shall perpetual struggle against Germany be the only future facing civilized peoples? Why breed children while Germany breeds war?”

Who Should Die — Germans or Jews?

Here a modest point may be permitted: There are about 20 million Jews in the world.
How would it be if one wanted to treat 20 million Jews according to the proposal of their racial comrade Kaufman rather than 80 million Germans? Then peace would certainly be assured. For the Jew is the troublemaker, the warmonger, everywhere in the world.
Nowhere was that as plain than in Germany after the takeover of power. As long as the Jew controlled the parties, owned the press and film industries, and had captured the intellectual leadership of the masses, Germans fought one another. Since the Jews have been expelled, the German people’s community is unshakable. No one today thinks of murdering a fellow citizen because he has a different occupation, or of hating someone because he was born somewhere else. Eliminating the Jews from the German people’s body has given to the German people peace.
The same is true of Europe. France is the plainest example. Today, it is indisputable that France was driven into this war against its will and against its interests by a Jewish clique. Since the influence of the Jews in France has been limited, the door to mutual understanding is slowly opening.
It is not necessary to waste words discussing the value of the German people. And American Jews are hardly in a position to judge the cultural values of the German people. The names from intellectual history that Germany can place on the scales assures it a unique place in this area, one that Jewish complainers can hardly alter.
Kaufman next wonders whether the victories Jews have won in the past, at most with their mouths, have been properly used. In typical Jewish fashion, he uses expressions from business when discussing war, and speaks of “selling out.” He asks:
“Is selling-out our soldiers to become a national habit? For quite patently, to fight once more in democratic defense against Germany with any goal in view save that country’s extinction constitutes, even though it lose the war, a German victory.”

Jewish Lust for Revenge

Now Kaufman falls into a lust for revenge:
“When the day of reckoning with Germany comes, as come it will, there will be only one obvious answer. No statesman or politician or leader responsible for post-war settlements will have the right to indulge in the personal luxury of false sentiment and specious sanctimony and declare that Germany, misled by her leaders, shall deserve the right of resurrection! It is the bounden duty of the present generation to those yet unborn, to make certain that the vicious fangs of the German serpent shall never strike again. And since the venom of those fangs derives its fatal poison not from within the body, but from the war-soul of the German, nothing else would assure humanity safety and security but that that war-soul be forever expunged, and the diseased carcass which harbors it be forever removed from the world.
There is no longer any alternative: Germany Must Perish!”

The Germans are Animals!

The Jew Kaufman’s book further states:
“We can remove a tiger from his natural environment, his lair in the jungle, and with patience so tame him that eventually he will respond to our caress, feed from our hand and perform at our command. The more acquiescent he becomes in response to this outward conditioning, the more we are deceived in believing that his jungle days have been forgotten. This is a fatal deception. For inevitably there comes a time when the tiger-soul within the tiger drives him again to the use of fang and claw. In that inexorable response to that irresistible soul-force, the tiger reverts once more to jungle lore. He becomes, one again, a killer.
And so it is with the people of Germany. They may respond for a while to civilizing forces; they may seemingly adopt the superficial mannerisms and exterior behaviourisms of civilized peoples but all the while there remains ever present within them that war-soul which eventually drives them, as it does the Tiger, to kill. And no amount of conditioning, or reasoning, or civilizing — past, present, or future — will ever be able to change this basic nature. For if no impress has been made upon this war-soul over a period of some two thousand years is it to be expected that of a sudden, on the morrow, this miracle will occur?
This analogous linking of the people of Germany is no vulgar comparison. I feel no more personal hatred for these people than I might feel for a herd of wild animals or a cluster of poisonous reptiles. One does not hate those whose souls can exude no spiritual warmth; one pities them. If the German people wish to live by themselves, in darkness, it would be strictly their own affair. But when they make constant attempts to enshroud the souls of other people in those fetid wrappings which cloak their own, it becomes time to remove them from the realm of civilized mankind among which they can have no place, or right to existence.
We need not condemn the Germans. They stand self-condemned. They have lost the wish to be human beings.
The Germans are but beasts; they must be dealt with as such.
This is an objective viewpoint, carefully considered and factually sustained. It is the view taken of them in this book.”

The Jew and Treason

Despite ranking Germans with predatory animals, Roosevelt’s confidante cannot entirely ignore the fact that despite all the agitation in the United States, there are still people who do not accept these conclusions. He simply calls these Americans traitors. Of course, for the Jews treason is only a “gentleman’s offense,” but when it helps, the Jew is happy to appear as a concerned friend of the fatherland. We know this method from German domestic politics. For years the Jews mocked everything that had to do with the front soldier. But as the “Iron Front” [an anti-Nazi coalition from the last years of the Weimar Republic] was about to collapse, as the democratic parties were decaying, the Jew suddenly remembered “nationalism.” It was almost moving to read what the filthiest Jewish papers had to say about the “heroic” march of “bourgeois” front soldiers in 1932, because it promised a weakening of the “Nazis.”
And so now the Jew Kaufman presents himself as an American patriot out to protect the United States:
“Naturally there are men in the world, in our own country included, who think otherwise and who would deal differently with the German menace. It is the custom of such men to take, what they term, a ’sensible’ view of the problem and progress of humanity. These men would rely upon fate to fashion the future. . . . They would suggest a compromise with the Germans, the so-called ‘Negotiated Peace.’
Fortunately, such men are not yet in the majority, nor will they be, unless Germany can harness, employ or bribe enough of them to spread the German netherworld doctrines throughout the earth. But even as a minority the danger which these ‘appeasers’ represent is none the less real and they must be harshly dealt with. They are downright traitors to their country.”
After insulting peace-loving Americans, Nathan Kaufman launches into a hymn in praise of peace. In eloquent words, he praises peaceful life:
“And in all the world we find that peace is the common denominator which binds together the people of all nations, of all color and races, in common thought and prayer. But peace never comes of itself!
I believe that peace can be produced, not merely conceived. But never so long as war persists.
Then why does war still exist?
Simply because it has not been made impossible for it to be waged.
There is only one way to abolish war: impose a penalty of such dire magnitude and frightful consequence upon aggressor peoples as to render it virtually impossible for any nation to start a war.”

The Jew as Punishing Judge

To carry our this judgment, the Jewish peace president recommends, of all people, he and his racial comrades, who have the primary responsibility for preparing for and conducting this war, Throughout their history, the Jews have presumed to be the chosen people. They constantly present themselves as the moral arbiters for others. Jehovah is the great judge, the God of revenge, who punishes non-Jewish peoples without pity. The Jew Kaufman is pleased to imagine himself as such a punishing judge,
With genuine Jewish self-righteousness, he writes:
“War must not be fought with weapons of ever-increasing destructiveness but with penalties infinitely more frightful and hazardous than war itself. This book sincerely believes that it has found such a penalty; and by its imposition upon the people of Germany, this book believes that not only would a great scourge be removed from the world, but a great good born to it.”

Who Wants World Domination?

As further justification of punishment, Kaufman claims that the German people are striving for world domination. To accuse Germany of having plans for world domination is an old Jewish swindle. The Führer has branded this a lie in all of his statements on foreign policy and clearly stated what the German people want: living space for its population, self-sufficiency on agriculture, and the protection of its peaceful labors. It is perverse when the rulers of the United States, the British world empire and the enormous Soviet Union accuse Germany, a nation whose size can hardly be compared to theirs, of plans for world domination, as the Jew Kaufman does:
“For it must be patent by now that all Germans, without exception, are unanimous in agreeing that world-domination must, now or in the future, be definitely achieved by Germany. There is only one way to frustrate such a desire: the goal of world-domination must be removed from the reach of the German and the only way to accomplish that is to remove the German from the world!”

The German People is National Socialist

Now comes the most remarkable passage from this book that demands Germany’s destruction. It is the only place in which the Jew says the truth about the German people:
“Therefore it is most essential that we realize as an irreconcilable fact the truth that the Nazis are not beings existing apart from the German people. They are the German people!”
The Jew Kaufman continues:
“For to the German, Nazi or not, the Mailed Fist is as stimulating and meaningful a symbol of all the aims and aspirations of his nation as the Statue of Liberty is to the American. Make no mistake about it; world-domination is not a mirage to the German; it never was, and so long as Germany exists as a nation, it never will be. A belief to the contrary, if too-long sustained, may well result in the world’s enslavement by the German. . . . It is in every respect a deliberate, ruthlessly calculated plot to rule the world or, failing that, to annihilate it! And so long as the German nation exists it intends, in one form or another, now or later, to bring about just such a catastrophe.”
Roosevelt’s confidante presents this terrifyingly-portrayed people as one quite incomprehensible to the “peaceful and civilized” inhabitants of the Soviet Union, the “law-abiding gangsters” of Chicago, and the Indians and Arabs who, in the British colonies, enjoy “all the privileges of freedom.”
“Such civilized nations regard individual rights, the sacredness of human life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness as the virtues of mankind and itself, the individual states, as guarantor of those rights. And though, at one time or another during their existence nations may have sought political and economic adjustments, even territorial aggrandizement through force of arms, it must be noted that no Western nation has ever made such a religion of war, such idolatry of armaments, and such a cult of mass murder and destruction as has Germany and her peoples.”

 

No Comparison Possible

This objective and loyal representative of world plutocracy now asks whether it is possible to work out some sort of agreement with the German people, despite their “bad characteristics,” that would enable the world and Germany to live together peacefully and justly. He has no hope of that. That Germany is a “gruesome reality” is not a foundation for peace. Kaufman complains that the traitors of 1918 have vanished, On this point he writes:
“For, in the first place, there is no longer living in Germany that so-called ‘older generation’ with whom reasonable talk might be made. This woeful handful is gone and forgotten and in its stead stands that brown-shirted legion singing that glorious Horst-Wessel paean: Today Europe, tomorrow all the world! Enlightened reason with perverted chanters of a world-dirge composed by a drunkard, written in a brothel and dedicated to a pimp.”
“Today Germany and tomorrow the entire world” does not happen to be in the Horst Wessel Song, but comes from a National Socialist march.
Once Kaufman has established that peace would not be possible even with a democratic Germany, he examines as a last possible solution the control of Germany by an international armed force. But that does not seem sufficient to him. Even as a Jew, he perhaps feels that the German people could not bear such oppression over the long run, since he writes:
“Even if such a huge undertaking were feasible life itself would not have it so. As war begets war, suppression begets rebellion. Undreamed horrors would unfold.
Thus we find that there is no middle course; no act of mediation, no compromise to be compounded, no political or economic sharing to be considered. There is, in fact, no other solution except one:
That Germany must perish forever from this earth! And, fortunately, as we shall now come to see, that is no longer impossible of accomplishment.”

World Plutocracy’s “Peaceful Solution”

To world plutocracy, this solution means: Death for Germany. The following passages from the book by President Roosevelt’s adviser are so clear in their thinking, so hate-filled in their conclusions, and so typical for the manner of thinking of the powers that want to exterminate National Socialism, that they should be printed in full.Here the enemy speaks clearly, without any concealment or caution. This is the source of enemy war propaganda. Here is revealed the deepest cause of this great war that the Greater German Reich today must fight for its life and its freedom.
Now President Kaufman has the floor to plead for the sterilization, and therefore the death, of Germany:
“When an individual commits premeditated murder, he must be prepared to forfeit his own life in consequence. When a nation commits premeditated murder upon its fellow nations, it must be prepared to forfeit its own national life.
On the point the laws of man and God are explicit:
‘An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, and a life for a life.’
But what is the law of man or God to Germany? Nothing.
She recognizes only German law; so be it.
It must then be a German law, if such a law there be, which decrees her penalty — the penalty of death.[There follows in Kaufman a long quotation from Heinrich von Treitschke on this, which Diewerge omits.]
Let Germany’s will be done!”

The Most Practical Death Sentence

Kaufman understands that you cannot hang someone unless you have him. In view of the strength of the GermanWehrmacht, it seems to him impractical to carry out the death sentence by force. Apparently, he does not think his racial comrades suitable to defeat German soldiers on the battlefield. To be moral and civilized, the Jew proposes the following way to carry out his crime once the German people has been disarmed:
“There remains now but to determine the best way, the most practical and expeditious manner in which the ultimate penalty must be levied upon the German nation. Quite naturally, massacre and wholesale execution must be ruled out. In addition to being impractical when applied to a population of some seventy million, such methods are inconsistent with the moral obligations and ethical practices of civilization.
There remains then but one mode of ridding the world forever of Germanism — and that is to stem the source from which issue those war-lusted souls, by preventing the people of Germany from ever again reproducing their kind. This modern method, known to science as Eugenic Sterilization, is at once practical, humane and thorough. Sterilization has become a byword of science, as the best means of ridding the human race of its misfits: the degenerate, the insane, the hereditary criminal.
It is a safe and simple operation, quite harmless and painless. Its effects are most often less distressing than vaccination and no more serious than a tooth extraction. Too, the operation is extremely rapid requiring no more than ten minutes to complete. The patient may resume his work immediately afterwards. Even in the case of the female the operation, though taking longer to perform, is as safe and simple. When one realizes that such health measures as vaccination and serum treatments are considered as direct benefits to the community, certainly sterilization of the German people cannot but be considered a great health measure promoted by humanity to immunize itself forever against the virus of Germanism.”
Perhaps there are those who still doubt the seriousness of the Jewish murder plan. Perhaps they simply cannot believe that the famed “conscience of the world” would permit this mass crime against a cultured nation once Germany was disarmed. But the conscience of the world has accepted other things, for it is a Jewish invention, not an Aryan one. No one would be concerned about a disarmed Germany and its allies if those in power in New York, London, and Moscow carried out sterilization.

Pitiless Extermination

He then adds:
“The population of Germany, excluding conquered and annexed territories, is about 80,000,000, almost equally divided between male and female. To achieve the purpose of German extinction it would be necessary to only sterilize some 48,000,000 — a figure which excludes, because of their limited power to procreate, males over 60 years of age, and females over 45.
Concerning the males subject to sterilization the army groups, as organized units, would be the easiest and quickest to deal with. Taking 20,000 surgeons as an arbitrary number and on the assumption that each will perform a minimum of 25 operations daily, it would take no more than one month, at the maximum, to complete their sterilization. Naturally the more doctors available, and many more than the 20,000 we mention would be available considering all the nations to be drawn upon, the less time would be required. The balance of the male civilian population of Germany could be treated within three months. Inasmuch as the sterilization of women needs somewhat more time, it may be computed that the entire female population of Germany could be sterilized within a period of three years or less. Complete sterilization of both sexes, and not only one, is to be considered necessary in view of the present German doctrine that so much as one drop of true German blood constitutes a German.
Of course, after compete sterilization there will cease to be a birth rate in Germany. At the normal death rate of 2% per annum, German life will diminish at the rate of 1,500,000 yearly. Accordingly in the span of two generations, that which cost millions of lives and centuries of useless effort, namely, the elimination of Germanism and its carriers, will have been accomplished fact. By virtue of its loss of self-perpetuation German Will will have atrophied and German power reduced to negligible importance.”

Jewish Murder of Nations


As monstrous as a plan to cold-bloodedly exterminate a people of 80 million, and as much as one may be inclined to consider it impossible and unbelievable, World Jewry is serious. We would not be the first people to be murdered by the Jews. A look at world history, beginning in biblical times and continuing to the present, shows that numerous peoples have lost their lives and disappeared from history because they drew the enmity of the Jews. And in recent days, murder plans of this nature have been part of the political demands of our enemies for our people.
We need only think of the statement by the Frenchman Clemenceau, whose Jewish cabinet chief and close confidante Mandel whispered to him that there were “20 million Germans too many.” That was not an empty phrase, but threatened to become reality. Millions of Germans died in the post-war period, and millions more were never born because of poverty. The army of seven million unemployed with their 20 million family members would have been condemned to starvation, had not National Socialism saved them. The suicide rate had reached alarming levels.

Mass Murder in the Soviet Union

Or we may remember the Soviet Union. Millions of the intelligentsia were slaughtered. Jewish commissars played a central role. Millions of people were intentionally starved to death. And now during the great battle for freedom in the East, Jewish commissars with machine guns stand behind the Bolshevist soldiers and shoot down the stupid masses if they begin to retreat. The Jew has always avoided honest, open combat, not from a love of peace, but from simple fear. Instead, he has always chosen murder, the cowardly and treacherous crime, from the rear, even when in power. The list of Jewish murders is very long, stretching from biblical times to the present day. Every opponent of Jewry — whether an individual or a people — has always been at risk of being murdered.

This Plan is not Fantasy, but Jewish Realpolitik

Thus it is not unbelievable, only all too understandable, that the Jew Kaufman has said what World Jewry wishes and hopes for: The murder of the German people. It does not bother the Jew that one day, the last aged survivors of the German people will crawl among the ruins of German cities, speaking Polish or Czech, speaking a few German words only when it seems safe. No, that is his goal. That is what he inciting other peoples to do, that he why he reaches into his wallet to pay those in every nation. The cost of bribing a statesman is never too high for him, no lie about National Socialism too filthy, no crime against German women and children too cruel. The Jew feels that German victory in Europe would make his position impossible. Thus, he attempts to mobilize the world. To eliminate forever any danger to his parasitic existence, he has decided to exterminate the German people.

The Murder Program

Roosevelt and Churchill outlined their plan for world improvement in a number of points. The Jew Kaufman wants to do the same. To systematize the extermination of the German people, he has proposed nine articles of a detailed program of murder, which is as follows:
“Germany has lost its war. She sues for peace.
The imperative demands of the victor people that Germany perish forever makes it necessary for the leaders to select mass sterilization of the Germans as the best means of wiping them out permanently.
They proceed to:
Disarmament
1. Immediately and completely disarm the German army and have all armaments removed from German territory.
Confiscation
2. Place all German utility and heavy industrial plants under heavy guard, and replace German workers by those of Allied nationality.
Sterilization of the Wehrmacht
3. Segregate the German army into groups, concentrate them in severely restricted areas, and summarily sterilize them.
Sterilization of the Civilian Population
4. Organize the civilian population, male, female, and children  and sterilizing them.
Slavery
5. Divide the German army (after its sterilization has been completed) into labor battalions and allocate their services toward the rebuilding of those cities which they ruined.
Partitioning the Reich
6. Partition Germany and apportion its lands. The accompanying map gives some idea of possible land adjustments which may be made in connection with Germany’s extinction.
Travel Limitations
7. Restrict all German civilian travel beyond established borders until all sterilization has been completed.
Banning the German Language
8. Compel the German population of the apportioned territories to learn the language of its area, and within one year to cease the publication of all books, newspapers and notices in the German language, as well as to restrict German-language broadcasts and discontinue the maintenance of German-language schools.”
One group is to be excepted from murder: Jewish emigrants. It is a small consolation that the United States only wants to accept those elements who have been traitors to their guest land who have enough money.
Article 9 of the peace program, the emigrant clause, states:

Exception for Jewish Emigrants
9. Make one exception to an otherwise severely strict enforcement of total sterilization, by exempting from such treatment only those Germans whose relatives, being citizens of various victor nations, assume financial responsibility for their emigration and maintenance and moral responsibility for their actions.
This makes it clear that only Jews will escape the plan for murder.
The president of the American Federation of Peace closes with an emotional appeal:

“Thus, into an oblivion which she would have visited upon the world, exits Germany”

Partitioning the Greater German Reich

The Jew Kaufman’s book provides a map, which we include on the back cover of this pamphlet. It corresponds to article 6 of the murder program and shows how World Jewry wants to partition Germany. Each German should study and remember this map. That is how Germany will look if the plutocrats win the war. Consistent with its dreams of great power status before the war, Poland receives East Prussia, West Prussia, the Warteland, Pommerania, Mark Brandenburg, Silesia, and the Reich capital Berlin. The Czechs move into Vienna, Dresden, Leipzig, and the Alpine areas of the Reich. France stretches into the Ruhr and Thuringia. The Hollanders get Hamburg and Lübeck, while the Belgians will have to satisfy themselves with most of the Rhine provinces. And in all these areas, adults and children will have to learn and speak the language of the occupying state, until the last German dies.
Such a map may seem to be the dream of a crazy fanatic, but it is hard reality. We remember that, during a visit by the American Sumner Welles to the then French Prime Minister Renaud, a slip on the part of the censors revealed a similar plan to the public. The publications of the former Polish warmonger clique with similar “scientifically based” demands are generally known. The Greater German Reich, with its natural and historic borders, is a bulwark of peace and progress, of honor and social justice, but it is the deadly enemy of those forces allied with world plutocracy. If they ever have the opportunity, it will be their greatest triumph to follow Kaufman’s plan for partition. Just as Polish and Bolshevist murders stabbed and clubbed even the corpses of ethnic Germans who had been tortured to death, the so-called statesmen on the enemy side take sadistic glee in drawing borders and setting up control commissions for the condemned German people, even before the end of the war. The Jew Kaufman’s map is a clear formulation of the territorial war goals of our enemies. Polish bands as victors in Berlin, Czech legionnaires marching into Vienna and Dresden, French colonial troops in the Führer’s buildings in Munich, Queen Wilhelmina as the victorious field marshall in Hamburg — that would be the final chapter in the history of the German people, according to the will of world plutocracy.

The Last Act for the German People

This is the picture that the Jew Kaufman and his racial comrades in New York, London, and Moscow have of the final fulfillment of their political desires:
In long, gray columns, the regiments and divisions of the disarmed German Wehrmacht appear. The weapons are broken, the aircraft destroyed, the big guns empty. The glorious flags have been sent to New York, London, and Moscow, there to be mocked by subhumans.
Slowly, column after column is taken into the barracks and tents where mocking Jewish doctors carelessly sterilize them. Each German soldier has to pay the Jews for the operation. Then the troops march, under Jewish and Soviet supervision, to forced labor in the wild mountains of the Balkans, to Siberia or the Arctic Sea. There, the heroes of this war, the Führer’s soldiers who bear the Knight’s Cross, will be tortured with the “tested” methods of Soviet forced labor, serving as slaves under miserable conditions, until starvation releases them from this life.
Meanwhile, Jewish doctors will be set loose on German women and children. Whatever perverse lust have been been imagined in the dark minds of the Jewish people will be unleashed on defenseless German women and children. All the bestial horrors that were previously conducted in the dungeons of the GPU, far from public view, can then be carried out in the “offices” of Jewish humanitarians. No one will defend the honor of these tortured women and children.
The only place to which they could turn might be Mrs. Ellinor Roosevelt. Just as after the World War, she would certainly send a few cans of condensed milk and rancid bacon to make herself seem a shining example of “Christian charity.” But that would not stop the horrible misery that would prevail in Central Europe. The only power that could hinder it, German soldiers, would be wasting away as slaves abroad.

Victory or Death — That is What This War is About

One must know this to know what this war is about. It is not a war of the past, which can find its end in a balancing of interests. It is a matter of who shall live in Europe in the future: the white race with its cultural values and creativity, with its industry and joy in life, or Jewish subhumanity ruling over the stupid, joyless enslaved masses doomed to death.
World plutocracy succeed in 1918 in betraying the German people in the most infamous way. While Marxists organized demonstrations in favor of Wilson’s 14 Points behind the lines, the vultures gathered in the capitals of the Jewish alliance to fight over the spoils. While naive citizens or bribed subjects, who were then presented to the world as heroic representatives of the German people, either did not see through the swindle or even propagated and promoted it, Jewish writers, sure of their triumph, confident that a tortured and demoralized Germany would never rise again, revealed the recipe for their victory. The Kaufmans of 1918 wrote their memoirs as the German people lay in the dust. Every word in their mocking memoirs is today part of the knowledge of the politically educated German people.
World plutocracy today faces the fact that the German people once again cannot be defeated militarily. To an unprecedented extend, the strength of the whole nation has been mobilized. All of Europe supports the Führer’s efforts to build a new order. Blow by blow, the accomplices of world plutocracy’s warmongers are beaten down. England’s final fortress on the continent, the Bolshevist Soviet Union, is crumbling. The war speculators in England and America think that the time has come to trick the German people a la Wilson. They believe they can use their lying slogans to reach a people that is still in the spiritual state of 1918. They think the German people are as they were when Jewish emigrants fled the National Socialist revolution.

To Victory!

But today the German people knows what is at stake. It knows how to distinguish between the lying humanitarian slogans that come from the “Potomac” and the real plan of extermination by Jewish President Nathan Kaufman. The German people knows that the International Jew stands behind the war will of world plutocracy, and warmongers throughout the world. It knows that these hate-filled opponents have only one chance of success: The disunity of the German people. National Socialism has eliminated this possibility. If world plutocracy believes that this struggle can end only with the deadly destruction of one side, then it must know that the German people will not die. All German men and women are fighting and working together in an inseparable people’s community until the victorious conclusion of this struggle. As the Führer said on 30 January 1939:
“The peoples no longer want to die on the battlefield so that the rootless international Jewish race can earn money from war and satisfy its Old Testament lust for revenge. A higher knowledge will triumph over the slogan “Proletarians of all nations, unite!”: namely “Creative members of all nations, recognize your common enemy!”

Kaufman’s Map
Kaufman map

Thursday, October 25, 2012

Comparison between the sign-systems of the Carpathian Basin, the Bosnian Pyramids and Glozel

http://www.rovasirasforrai.hu/Forditasok/Karpat-m_Piramisok_Glozel-ANGOL.htm

Comparison between the sign-systems of the
Carpathian Basin, the Bosnian Pyramids and Glozel


Briefly about the sign-system of the Carpathian Basin

1. The ancient Hungarian runic (rovás) script

The ancient Hungarian runic script developed in the Carpathian Basin. The oldest relics of this revealed until now are signs originating from a 15-20,000 year-old undisturbed layer on a stick in Jankovich cave in Bajót (North Hungary). The symbols on the Tatárlaka (Tartaria) Disc are 7,500-8,200 years old. There are further 6-7,000 year-old relics of this writing, found by Zsófia Torma archeologist (1831-1899) during her excavations near to Tordos, Transylvania. On the territory of the historical Hungary (see the maps made before 1920) several relics of runic writing have remained on stones, church walls, in books, on objects made of bone, wood, silver and gold.
The relics of the runic writing prove the origin of the Hungarian people in the Carpathian Basin (see Klára Friedrich: Tatárlaka titka (Mystery of Tatárlaka) at the website: www.magtudin.org).
The runic script is used even nowadays by the Hungarians; on the territory of the historical Hungary at least one hundred thousand people use it in their daily life. It is now the 10th year since Gábor Szakács journalist, researcher of the runic writing has been organizing competitions for the youth between 9-18 years of age, with an average participation of 700 competitors. So the 15-20,000 year-old symbols are absolutely suitable for use in our days as well, all the more because the sounds of the Hungarian language can be put down perfectly only by this type of writing. Here it is to be mentioned that in the 10th century, when the ancient writing of the Hungarians had to be replaced by Latin letters, 13 sounds of their language (TY, GY, NY, SZ, ZS, CS, LY, J, K, Á, É, Ö, Ü) were missing from the Latin alphabet.

2. Signs on the megalits on Tászok-tető

Tászok-tető can be found in the Carpathian Basin, in Transylvania. Descriptions say that on the 1013 m high plateau and in the surroundings there were several hundreds of written stones, with an average size of 180 x 140 cm. Two unharmed megalits are exhibited in the Tarisznyás Márton Museum in Gyergyószentmiklós, Transylvania and there are some broken stones still laying on the plateau, that's all today. Based upon the parallels it can be stated that the majority of the scripts is about 10,000 years old (see Klára Friedrich: Megalitok a Tászok-tetőn (Megalits on Tászok-tető) in the book: Klára Friedrich-Gábor Szakács: Tászok-tetőtől a bosnyák piramisokig (From Tászok-tető to the Bosnian pyramids) - 2007, available only in Hungarian.
3. Signs of the Tordos-Vinca culture
The excavator of the Tordos culture was the above mentioned archeologist, Zsófia Torma. From 1875 she found thousands of clay discs deriving from the neolithic period. Most of the signs on these discs equal to those of the ancient Hungarian runic script being in use even today. In Vinca, a settlement near to Nándorfehérvár (since 1920 Beograd, Serbia) and in the surroundings plenty of artifacts from the neolithic age were revealed from 1905 (see the map of M. Gimbutas).

Sign-systems outside the Carpathian Basin

This paper deals with two of them only, although several other European and Asian sign-systems show similarity with the ancient Hungarian runic script.

1. Signs of the Bosnian pyramids

Semir Osmanagic, a pyramid researcher, began excavations in 2005 in Visoko, Bosnia, 30 km North from Sarajevo. His attention to the pyramidal shape of Visocica Mountain was called by Senad J. Hodovic, curator of the local museum. Besides, it is assumpted that four adjacent hills covered by various plants also hide pyramids. The main sites of the excavations are called as Pyramids of Sun and Moon and the results hitherto achieved have already proved that these are man-made, artificial creations. The Pyramid of Sun is bigger and older than the pyramid in Giza, which was built by order of Pharaoh Cheops 4600 years ago. Gábor Szakács, who went to the site in June 2006 for the first time, found symbols corresponding to the ancient Hungarian runic writing in the tunnel of the Pyramid of Sun and on the great stones laying nearby. Consequently, the territory of the Tordos-Vinca culture has been expanded to the south. In June 2007 I had the opportunity to examine these symbols personally and be convinced of it together with other Hungarian visitors.
Further information about the Bosnian Pyramids is available at the website www.piramidasunca.ba.

2. Glozel

Glozel is a French village where in 1924, in addition to other artifacts, such signs were found on ceramic plates, bones and stones which are very similar to the letters of the ancient Hungarian writing. I drew the attention to this fact in 2003 and 2005, indicating at both occassions the 111 Glozelian signs. (See the book: Klára Friedrich-Gábor Szakács: Kárpát-medencei birtoklevelünk a rovásírás (Runic script is our letter of ownership to the Carpathian Basin) - 2003, p. 81 - available only in Hungarian and the book: Klára Friedrich-Gábor Szakács: Kőbe vésték, fába rótták (Carved into stone, engraved into wood) - 2005, the chapter entitled "Tatárlaka titka" on pages 48-83 (Mystery of Tatárlaka - in English available at www.magtudin.org).
According to the official standpoint the age of the Glozelian signs is 1,800-2,300 years. See: www.glozel.net

Comparative tables of the signs

Having reviewed the tables we are entitled to presume that in the Carpathian Basin, on the territory of the Bosnian pyramids and in Glozel representatives of the same culture were acting and left their written signs to us. A remarkable aspect is that on the territory of the historical Hungary (before 1920) these signs are in use even nowadays.

Literatur:Gimbutas, Marija: The gods and goddessess of old Europe (Berkeley,1974)
Szakács Gábor: Tudósítások a bosnyák piramisokról (Magyar Demokrata, 2006/26, 45, 48)
Tomory Zsuzsa: Kezdeteink (Miskolci Bölcsész Egyesület, 1995)
Torma Zsófia: Sumer nyomok Erdélyben (Buenos Aires, 1972)
Winn, Shan, M.M: Pre writing in south-eastern Europe (Western Publishers, 1981)
----------
Budapest, in December 2007
Klára Friedrich
Researcher and Teacher of Hungarian Runic (rovás) Writing

Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Ages in Chaos

http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.gr/search/label/Velikovsky

Ages in Chaos

Velikovsky Ages in Chaos Revised Ancient Egyptian Chronology.
 

(David Rohl revision of Egyptian Chronolgy from Wikipedia at Left)

 Message Number 407 at Bonze Age World Diffusion Yahoo Group, Sept.11, 2009
"I had not said anything about this until now, but the book The Cosmic Serpent is about comet/meteor strikes upon the Earth in prehistory and it is a serious, scientific (popular) book. Along the way, the subject of Velikovsky is mentioned of course, and the authors introduce the astonishing information that Astronomical dating indicates that Velikovsky's Ages in Chaosreconstruction of Egyptian chronology might be closer to reality than our generally-accepted model found in the textbooks. Their Table 8 on page 236 of the book simply takes a standard Egyptian chronological chart and indicates some of their revised dates alongside the normally-accepted ones.
I mention this here because while I was without a computer, I was going through L. L. Waddell's Egyptian History, Its Sumerian Origin& Real Chronology, and Sumerian Origin of Egyptian Hieroglyphics (Originally published in 1930) Waddell was rejected in the long run because his chronological correlations were not accepted and today are in disfavor because of his frequent use of the term "Aryans" for Indo-Europeans (Standard usage at the time) Waddell says, among other things, that Sargon the Great was father of Menes, first Pharaoh of Egypt, himself the same as Minos of the Minoan tradition, and the kings also recorded traditionally in Indian epics (along with long lists of their ancestors and successors.) The standard chronology will have none of that and separates Menes and Sargon by some 500 years at least.
Only by using the revised Sothic-calendar absolute dates, they do come out at about the same time and so give credence to Waddell's statements. Waddell also states that the Sumerians explored and set up trading depots from Sumer to Egypt and thence as far in North Africa as Mauretania, and then along the Atlantic via Spain to the British Isles. Waddell says Minos or Menes died in Ireland while on an expedition to inspect the mines of the "Tin Islands"and left a version of a Hieroglyphic inscription in Ireland at about the time of his death (The inscription is illustrated and deciphered in the book) Waddell also says that the names of the Sumerian monarchs are represented on Indus valley seals in a script recognisably used around Sumeria..
Which is absolutely fantastic: but Verrill goes further with the theory and identifies Sumerian inscriptions on both North and South America indicating the presence of Scouting expeditions sent out by Sargon and his heirs.
Best Wishes, Dale D.
PS, this is going to play havoc with ALL of the usual history books and in fact also makes a number of supposed "Radiocarbon dating errors" completely disappear

Table 8 of The Cosmic Serpent mentioned in the above posting indicates that the Egyptian Old Kingdom ran from 2196 BC to 1687 BC as drawn from a first Sothic cycle date of 2313 BC and as opposed to the conventional dates of 2664 to 2155 BC: their Middle Kingdom runs from 1594 to 1318 BC instead of the conventional 2052 to 1786 BC:  Their New Kingdom began 1086 BC instead of the conventional 1554 BC, dating the reign of Amenhotep I to 1077 BC instead of 1545, and this is based on an astromomical date because the calendar switched to a measurable lunar calendar at the time: the 30th year of Ramses II is 834 BC instead of 1272 because it marks the beginning of a second Sothic calendar cycle; And by their reconing the Tanite dynasty ran up to 512 BC instead of 950 BC. Some of this is in agreement with Velikovsky, some of it is at variance because they prefer to keep the standard succession of dynasties while changing the dates alone rather than the accepted history so much. This is following the research of Parker (Parker, R.A., 1950, "The Calendars of Ancient Egypt," Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization no. 26, University of Chicago Press, Chicago) 

I was inspired to reprint this information owing to my recent mention of The Queen of Sheba on this blog, and one of my correspondants hinted that he accepted Velikovsky's identification of Sheba as Hatshepsut. Indeed, Napier and Clube speak with favor on that partiocular identification when they were discussing Velikovsky's Ages in Chaosrevision (on page 256 of The Cosmic Serpent) There is some implication that Hatshepsut ruled over both Ethiopia and Southern Arabia at the time (by a friendly annexation) and that all claims could be neatly tied together by assuming that part was so. At this point we are more interested in the big picture, and some of the big picture makes sense this way, but some of the crosscultural connections will mean that a lot of our history books shall have to be rewritten for that period. For one thing, this indicates that the explosion of the Thera volcano was in the 1300s BC and not 1500s or even 1700s as usually given. 

For my own opinions, I feel that a more moderate view should be sought for most of the length of Egyptian history but in some cases we are indeed looking at revisions of from 300 up to 500 years or more; however I see no reason why we should insist that all the necessary revisions should be of the same or similar length. I also favour David Rohl's revision as stated below, but not in all of its details and in particular I disagree with his identification for Ramses II. Velikovsky might be right on that point, I do not know for certain. This also has a bearing on the dates of the Peoples of the Sea and the Phaethon incident, two things that I am keenly interested in. Currently, I am not committed on the matter. However, it also seems that Velikovsky was right as to the non-existance of the Dark Ages of Greece and the general recentness of the Egyptian New Kingdom.       Best Wishes, Dale D.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_in_Chaos
Ages in Chaos is a book by the controversial writer Immanuel Velikovsky, first published by Doubleday in 1952, which put forward a major revision of the history of the Ancient Near East, claiming that the histories of Ancient Egypt and Ancient Israelare five centuries out of step. He followed this with a number of other works where he attempted to complete his reconstruction of ancient history, collectively known as the Ages in Chaos series.
Velikovsky's work has been harshly criticised, including by fellow chronological revisionists such as Peter James. In 1984fringe science expert Henry H. Bauer wrote Beyond Velikovsky: The History of a Public Controversy, which Time described as "the definitive treatise debunking Immanuel Velikovsky".
......
Velikovsky's revised chronology has been rejected by nearly all mainstream historians and Egyptologists. It was claimed, starting with early reviewers, that Velikovsky's usage of material for proof is often very selective.[3][4][5] In 1965 the leading cuneiformist Abraham Sachs, in a forum at Brown University, discredited Velikovsky's use of Mesopotamian cuneiformsources.[6] Velikovsky was never able to refute Sachs' attack.[7] In 1978, following the much-postponed publication of further volumes in Velikovsky's Ages in Chaos series, the United Kingdom-based Society for Interdisciplinary Studies organised a conference in Glasgow specifically to debate the revised chronology.[8] The ultimate conclusion of this work, by scholars including Peter James, John Bimson, Geoffrey Gammonn, and David Rohl, was that the Revised Chronology was untenable.[9]
David Rohl, in his own revised chronology, agrees that the Exodus must be dated to the collapse of the Middle Kingdom, and that Tutimaios is the Pharaoh of the Exodus, but otherwise there are few points of contact between the Velikovsky and Rohl chronologies.
While James credits Velikovsky with "point[ing] the way to a solution by challenging Egyptian chronology", he severely criticised the contents of Velikovsky's chronology as "disastrously extreme", producing "a rash of new problems far more severe than those it hoped to solve" and demonstrating that "Velikovsky understood little of archaeology and nothing of stratigraphy."[10]
Bauer accuses Velikovsky of dogmatically asserting interpretations which are at best possible, and gives several examples from Ages in Chaos.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_James_(historian)
Peter James is a British author and historian specialising in ancient history and archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean region. He graduated in ancient history and archeology at the University of Birmingham (England) and does postgraduate research at University College London.
James has advanced several controversial theories about the chronology of Mediterranean civilizations, the Middle East, andEgypt. His theories are not generally accepted by mainstream historians or Egyptologists.
In his best known work, Centuries of Darkness, he challenges the traditional chronology of mainstream archaeology. In particular, he advances the idea that the Greek Dark Ages never occurred, arising solely from a misreading of key elements ofEgyptian history. This theory is in part a revision of Immanuel Velikovsky's Revised Chronology. Ongoing criticism and discussion of the evidence is listed on the authors' own website.[1]
In The Sunken Kingdom: The Atlantis Mystery Solved, James hypothesizes about the location of Atlantis. By first claiming that references to mythological Tartarus by Plato were in fact meant to identify a Lydian king by the name of Tantalus, he goes on to identify Atlantis with a hypothetical lost temple city called Tantalis, corresponding to modern-day Manisa in Turkey.
[This last theory is complete bunkum. Plato never mentioned Tartarus as being the same as Atlantis and every identification along the four-step chain of reidentifications of the same term is questionable.]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rohl
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Chronology_(Rohl)

New Chronology is the term used to describe an alternative Chronology of the ancient Near East developed by English Egyptologist David Rohl and other researchers[1] beginning with A Test of Time: The Bible - from Myth to History in 1995. It contradicts mainstream Egyptology by proposing a major revision of the conventional chronology of ancient Egypt, in particular by redating Egyptian kings of the 19th through 25th Dynasties, lowering conventional dates up to 350 years. Rohl asserts that the New Chronology allows him to identify some of the characters in the Old Testament with people whose names appear in archaeological finds.
The New Chronology, one of several proposed radical revisions of the conventional chronology, has not been accepted in academic Egyptology, where the conventional chronology or small variations of it remain standard.[2] Professor Amélie Kuhrt, head of Ancient Near Eastern History at University College, London, in one of the standard reference works of the discipline, notes that "Many scholars feel sympathetic to the critique of weaknesses in the existing chronological framework[...], but most archaeologists and ancient historians are not at present convinced that the radical redatings proposed stand up to close examination."[3] Rohl's most vocal critic has been Professor Kenneth Kitchen, one of the leading experts on Biblical History and the author of the standard work on the conventional chronology of the Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, the period most directly affected by the New Chronology's redating of the 19th to 25th dynasties

David Rohl's published works A Test of Time (1995), Legend (1998), The Lost Testament (2002), and The Lords of Avaris(2007) set forth Rohl's theories for redating the major civilisations of the ancient world. A Test of Time proposes a down-dating (bringing closer to the present), by several centuries, of the Egyptian New Kingdom, thus requiring a major revision of theconventional chronology of ancient Egypt. Rohl asserts that this would permit scholars to identify some of the major events in the Old Testament with events in the archaeological record, and identify some of the well-known biblical characters with historical figures who appear in contemporary ancient texts. Lowering the Egyptian dates also dramatically effects the dating of dependent chronologies, such as that currently employed for the Greek "Heroic Age" of the Late Bronze Age, removing theGreek Dark Age and lowering the dates of the Trojan War to within a couple of generations of a 9th-century-BC Homer and his most famous composition: The Iliad.
Rejecting the Revised Chronology of Immanuel Velikovsky and the Glasgow Chronology presented at the Society for Interdisciplinary Studies's 1978 "Ages in Chaos" conference, the New Chronology lowers the Egyptian dates (established within the traditional chronology) by up to 350 years at points prior to the universally accepted fixed date of 664 BC for the sacking ofThebes by Ashurbanipal.
Prior to the 1995 publication of A Test of TimeThomas L. Thompson, a theologian associated with the Copenhagen School, had insisted that any attempt to write history based on a direct integration of biblical and extra-biblical sources was "not only dubious but wholly ludicrous".[4] Rohl explained his view on the issue in The Lost Testament (2007): "Is the Old Testament history or myth? The only way to answer that question is to investigate the biblical stories using the archaeological evidence, combined with a study of the ancient texts of the civilisations which had a role to play in the Bible story. But this has to be done with an open mind. In my view the biblical text – just like any other ancient document – should be treated as a potentially reliable historical source until it can be demonstrated to be otherwise."[5] Rohl had previously remarked in A Test of Time (1995) that he "did not originally set out to challenge our current understanding of the Old Testament narratives. This has come about simply because of the need to explore the ramifications of my TIP [Egyptian Third Intermediate Period] research. I have no religious axe to grind – I am simply an historian in search of some historical truth."[6]
Rohl's redating is based on criticism of three of the four arguments which he considers are the original foundations of the conventional chronology for the Egyptian New Kingdom:
  • He asserts that the identification of "Shishaq [Shishak], King of Egypt" (1 Kings 14:25f; 2 Chronicles 12:2-9) withShoshenq I, first proposed by Jean-François Champollion, is based on incorrect conclusions. Rohl argues instead that Shishaq should be identified with Ramesses II (probably pronounced Riamashisha), which would move the date of Ramesses' reign forward some 300 years.
  • Rohl also asserts that the record in the Ebers papyrus of the rising of Sirius in the ninth regnal year of Amenhotep I, which is used in conventional chronology to fix that year to either 1542 BC or 1517 BC, has been misread, and instead should be understood as evidence for a reform in the Egyptian calendar. This negative view of Papyrus Ebers is exemplified in a statement by Professor Jürgen von Beckerath who is of the opinion that "The calendar on the verso of the Ebers Medical Papyrus is by now so disputed that we must ask ourselves whether we really possess a sure basis for the chronology of this period of Egyptian history which is, after all, of the greatest importance for fixing the sequence of historical events, as well as for neighbouring countries".[7] Professor Wolfgang Helck concludes that "We therefore think it is safer to start from the regnal dates rather than from interpretations of real or supposed Sirius (Sothic) or New Moon dates".[8]
  • Papyrus Leiden I.350, which dates to the 52nd year of Ramesses II, records a lunar observation which places that year of Ramesses' reign in one of 1278, 1253, 1228 or 1203 BC within the date-range of the conventional chronology. Having questioned the value of the Ebers Papyrus, Rohl argues that, since the lunar cycle repeats itself every twenty-five years, it is only useful for fine tuning a chronology and could equally apply to dates 300 years later as in the New Chronology.
Thus, Rohl is of the opinion that none of these three foundations of the conventional Egyptian chronology are secure, and that the sacking of Thebes by the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal in 664 BC is the earliest fixed date in Egyptian history.

Evidence adduced

Rohl bases his revised chronology (the New Chronology) on his interpretation of numerous archeological finds and genealogical records from Egypt. For example:
  • Rohl notes that no Apis bull burials are recorded in the Lesser Vaults at Saqqara for the 21st and early 22nd dynasties of Egypt. He also argues that the reburial sequence of the mummies of the New Kingdom pharaohs in the Royal Cache (TT 320) indicates that these two dynasties were contemporary (thus explaining why there are insufficient Apis burials for the period). Rohl finds confirmation of this scenario of parallel dynasties in the royal burial ground at Tanis where it appears that the tomb of Osorkon II of the 22nd Dynasty was built before that ofPsusennes I of the 21st Dynasty. In Rohl's view this can only be explained if the two dynasties were contemporary.
  • Rohl offers inscriptions that list three non-royal genealogies which, when one attributes 20 to 23 years to a generation, show, according to Rohl, that Ramesses II flourished in the 10th century BC as Rohl advocates. In the conventional chronology, all three genealogies would be missing seven generations. He also argues that there are no genealogies that confirm the conventional dates for Ramesses II in the 13th century BC.
  • One of Rohl's methods is the use of archaeo-astronomy, which he employs to fix the date of a near-sunset solareclipse during the reign of Amenhotep IV and observed from the city of Ugarit. Based on calculations, using computer astronomy programs, Rohl asserts that the only time when this eclipse could have occurred during the whole second millennium BC was on 9 May 1012 BCE. This is approximately 350 years later than the conventional dates for Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) (1353-1334 BC).
  • Rohl's dates for Amenemhat III of the 12th Dynasty in the 17th century BC, has found support in the work of astronomer David Lappin whose research finds matches for a sequence of 37 out of 39 lunar month lengths recorded in 12th Dynasty contracts. The conventional chronology, on the other hand, matches at best 21. According to Lappin, this pattern provides "startling" support for Rohl's chronology.[4]

Shishaq

Comparison by David Rohl of (first line) the name Sysw (the hypocoristicon of Ramesses II) as it would have been written using 13th to 10th century Proto-Hebrew signs, and (second line) the biblical name Shyshk as it would have been written using 9th to 7th-century Early Hebrew signs. The signs are taken from pottery inscriptions dating to those periods (namely the Lachish VI ostracon and the Izbet Sartah abcedary).
Most Egyptologists accept Shishaq as an alternative name for Shoshenq I.[9][10][11] Rohl disputes that Shoshenq's military activity fits the biblical account of Shishaq on the grounds that the two kings' campaigns are completely different and Jerusalem does not appear in the Shoshenq inscription as a subjected town.[12] He also points out that Ramesses did campaign against Israel and that he had a short form of his formal name which was in use in Palestine.[13] That name was Sysw, whilst early Hebrew did not distinguish between S and SH, so the biblical name may have originally been Sysq. Rohl has also argued that the qoph ending may be a later misreading of the early sign for waw which in the 10th century was identical to the 7th century sign for qoph. Thus 7th century Sysq may have been a mistaken later reading of 10th century Sysw.[14]
The theory that Ramesses II (hypocoristicon 'Sysa'), rather than Shoshenq I, should be identified with the biblical Shishak is not widely accepted.[15] On the other hand, there are several scholars (Bimson, Hornung, Furlong, etc.) who do question the reliance of Egyptian chronology on such a crucial identification as that of Shoshenq with Shishaq. Rohl argues that, on methodological grounds, the internal Egyptian chronology of the Third Intermediate Period should not be dependent on a biblical date to establish the foundation date of the 22nd Dynasty.
Dr. Pierce Furlong challenges Kitchen's dismissal of the lack of historical correspondence between the campaigns of Shoshenq and Shishaq raised by both Rohl and Dr John Bimson:
Kitchen dismisses the apparent discrepancy between the Shoshenq I campaign itinerary and the Old Testament (OT) account of Shishak’s activities as ‘frivolous and exaggerated’. … he argues that since Shoshenq’s topographical list is incomplete, Jerusalem (and presumably every other important fortified town in Judah) may have been lost in a lacuna. However, the attention paid by numerous scholars to the fact that not a single highland Judean town appears in the Karnak list would indicate that this matter is hardly frivolous or exaggerated.[16]
It should also be noted that one scholar, Kevin Wilson, agrees only partially with David Rohl. Wilson accepts that there is a mismatch between the triumphal relief of Shoshenq I and the biblical description of King Shishak. However, he does not think that this discrepancy gives sufficient reason for doubting the identification of Shoshenq I with King Shishak of the Bible. Wilson writes about Shoshenq's inscription, "Contrary to previous studies, which have interpreted the relief as a celebration of his Palestine campaign, neither the triumphal relief nor any of its elements can be utilized as a source for historical data about that campaign. … the triumphal relief can unfortunately play no role in the reconstruction of Shoshenq’s campaign."[17]
However, Wilson's view is not supported by Kenneth Kitchen who states: "That the great topographical list of Shoshenq I at Karnak is a document of the greatest possible value for the history and nature of his campaign against Judah and Israel is now clearly established beyond all dispute, thanks to the labours expended on that list by a series of scholars. However, the composition and interpretation of the list still require further examination and clarification".[18] Other leading scholars who have studied the campaign relief point out that it is indeed a unique list of subjected towns and not a copy of an earlier campaign by a more celebrated pharaoh.[19][20][21][22] This originality makes it far more likely that it is a true representation of cities and locations brought under Egyptian control by the military activities of Shoshenq I.

IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW CHRONOLOGY

The implications of a radical down-dating of the conventional Egyptian chronology, such as that proposed by Rohl and other revisionists, are complex and wide-ranging. The New Chronology affects the historical disciplines of Old Testament studies, Levantine archaeology, Aegean and Anatolian archaeology and Classical studies, whilst raising major issues concerning Mesopotamian chronology and its links with both Egypt and Anatolia.

Implications for Egypt and her Neighbours

Redating the reign of Ramesses II to three centuries later than that given by the conventional chronology would not only reposition the date of the Battle of Kadesh and revise the linked chronology of Hittite history, it would also require a revision of the chronology of Assyrian history prior to 911 BC. Given the dependence of Hittite chronology on Egyptian chronology,[23] a lowering of Egyptian dates would result in a lowering of the end of the Hittite New Kingdom and a resulting reduction (or complete removal) of the Anatolian Dark Age.[24]
During the Amarna period, a chronological synchronism between Egypt and Assyria is attested through the correspondence of Pharaoh Akhenaten and a King Ashuruballit. In the conventional chronology, this Ashuruballit is identified with Ashuruballit I of the early Middle Assyrian period, whilst the New Chronology has proposed the addition of an otherwise unknown Ashuruballit "II" during the Middle Assyrian "dark age" as the author of the Amarna letters. New Chronologist Bernard Newgrosh argues that such a hypothesis is plausible because the Ashuruballit of the Amarna letter gives a different name for his father than is given for Ashuruballit I in the Assyrian King List, and that the historical setting recorded in the annals of the early Middle Assyrian ruler differs from information gleaned from the Amarna correspondent’s letters.[25] Given that the Ashuruballit I synchronism with Akhenaten has become the crucial link between Egyptian and Mesopotamian history in recent years, this issue is a key area of focus and dispute.[26]

Implications for the Old Testament

As explained above, the New Chronology, rejects the identification of Shoshenq I with the biblical Shishaq,[27] and instead offers Ramesses II (also known by his nickname "Sysa") as the real historical figure behind the Shishaq narrative.
Rohl identifies Labaya, a ruler of the central hill country of Israel/Palestine whose activities are documented in the Amarna Letters, with King Saul, and identifies King David with Dadua ("Tadua"), also mentioned in Amarna Letter EA256. Saul and Labaya share the same demise - "both die in battle - against a coalition of city states from the coastal plain - on or near Mount Gilboa, both as a result of betrayal."[4] Both also have a surviving son whose name translates as "Man of Baal."
The New Chronology places King Solomon at the end of the wealthy Late Bronze Age, rather than in the relatively impoverished Early Iron Age, as in the conventional chronology.[dubious ] Rohl and other New Chronology researchers contend that this fits better with the Old Testament description of Solomon's wealth.[4]
Furthermore, Rohl shifts the Israelite Sojourn, Exodus and Conquest from the end of the Late Bronze Age to the latter part of the Middle Bronze Age (from the Egyptian 19th Dynasty to the 13th Dynasty and Hyksos period). Rohl claims that this solves many of the problems associated with the historicity issue of the biblical narratives. He makes use of the archaeological reports from Tell ed-Daba (ancient Avaris), in the Egyptian eastern delta, which show that a large Semitic-speaking population lived there during the 13th Dynasty. These people were culturally similar to the population of Middle-Bronze-Age (MB IIA) Palestine. Rohl identifies these Semites as the people upon whom the biblical tradition of the Israelite Sojourn in Egypt was subsequently based.
Towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age (late MB IIB) archaeologists have revealed a series of city destructions which John Bimson and Rohl have argued correspond closely to the cities attacked by the Israelite tribes in the Joshua narrative.[28] Most importantly, the heavily fortified city of Jericho was destroyed and abandoned at this time. On the other hand, there was no city of Jericho in existence at the end of the Late Bronze Age, drawing William Dever to conclude that, “Joshua destroyed a city that wasn’t even there”.[29] Rohl claims that it is this lack of archaeological evidence to confirm biblical events in the Late Bronze Age which lies behind modern scholarly skepticism over the reliability of the Old Testament narratives before the Divided Monarchy period. He gives the example of Israeli professor of archaeology, Ze'ev Herzog, who caused an uproar in Israel and abroad when he gave voice to the "fairly widespread" view held amongst his colleagues that “there had been no Exodus from Egypt, no invasion by Joshua and that the Israelites had developed slowly and were originally Canaanites,"[30]concluding that the Sojourn, Exodus and Conquest was “a history that never happened.”[30] However, Rohl contends that the New Chronology, with the shift of the Exodus and Conquest events to the Middle Bronze Age, removes the principal reason for that widespread academic skepticism.

 IDENTIFICATIONS IN THE NEW CHRONOLOGY

Personal identifications

Rohl identifies:
  • Nebkaure Khety IV (16th Pharaoh of the 10th Dynasty) with the Pharaoh who had dealings with Abraham.
  • Amraphel (Genesis 14) with Amar-Sin, king of Kish in Sumer (1834-1825 BC/BCE by Rohl's chronology).
  • Tidal (Bible), King of Goyim/King of Nations (Genesis 14), with TishdalHurrian ruler from the Zagros mountains.
  • Zariku, governor of Ashur, with king Arioch of Ellasar.
  • Kutir-Lagamar of Elam with Chedorlaomer of Elam.
  • Amenemhat III with the Pharaoh of Joseph, and Joseph with the Vizier of Amenemhat III.
  • The "new king who did not know Joseph" in Exodus 1:8 is identified by Rohl with Sobekhotep III.
  • Neferhotep I with the adoptive grandfather of Moses.
  • Khanefere Sebekhotep IV, brother and successor of Neferhotep, with Khenephres, the Pharaoh from whom Moses fled to Midian.
  • The Pharaoh of the Exodus with Tutimaios, known also as Dudimose.
  • IbniMiddle Bronze Age ruler of Hazor, with Jabin, king of Hazor in Joshua 11:10.
  • Akish or Achish, king of Gath, is identified with Šuwardata, King of Gath in the Amarna letters. Akish is believed to be a shortened form of the Hurrian name Akishimige, "the Sun God has given." Shuwardata is an Indo-Europeanname meaning "the Sun God has given."
  • Aziru of the Amarna Letters is identified with Hadadezer, Syrian king in II Samuel.
  • Labaya, a ruler in the Amarna Letters, with King Saul.
  • King David with Dadua in Amarna Letter EA256.
  • Mutbaal, writer of the letter, is identified with Ishbaal (aka Ishbosheth). The two names have exactly the same meaning: "Man of Baal." Following the death of his father (Labaya/Saul), Mutbaal/Ishbaal moved his center toTransjordan.
  • "The Sons of Labaya," in the Amarna Letters (EA 250), with Mutbaal/Ishbaal and David/Dadua, the latter being the son-in-law of Labaya/Shaul.
  • Benemina, also mentioned in EA256, is identified by Rohl with Baanah, Israelite chieftain in II Samuel 4, who would later betray and assassinate Ishbosheth.
  • Yishuya, also mentioned in EA256, is identified with Jesse (Ishai in Hebrew), father of David.
  • Ayab, the subject of EA 256, is held to be the same as the Biblical Yoav (English "Joab").
  • Lupakku ("Man of Pakku"), Aramean army commander in the Amarna Letters, with Shobach ("He of Pakku"[citation needed]), Aramean army commander in the Bible.
  • Nefertiti with Neferneferuaten and with Smenkhkare.
  • Horemheb is identified with the Pharaoh who destroyed Gezer and later gave it to Solomon, together with one of his daughters as a wife. When Horemhab took Gezer he was not yet the ruler, but was acting under Tutankhamun. However, he became Pharaoh not long after, and Tutankhamun died too young to have left any marriageable daughters.
  • Ramses II (hypocoristicon = Shysha) with Shishaq in the Bible.
  • Irsu the Syrian, who took over control of Egypt according to the Harris Papyrus, with Arza, Master of the Palace of Israel according to I Kings 16:8-10.
  • Sheshi, a Hyksos ruler, with Sheshai, a ruler of Hebron descended from Anak (Joshua 15:13-15).
  • Io of the Line of Inachus with Queen Ahhotep of the 17th Dynasty of Egypt at Waset
  • Cadmus of Thebes with Cadmus in the line of Pelasgian rulers of Crete
  • Inachus with Anak-idbu Khyan of the Greater Hyksos
  • Auserre Apepi of the Greater Hyksos with Epaphus
  • Cush, son of biblical Ham with Meskiagkasher of the First Dynasty of Uruk
  • Nimrod, son of biblical Cush with Enmerkar ('Enmer the Hunter') of the First Dynasty of Uruk

Geographical identifications

Rohl, in addition to his chronology, also has some geographical ideas that are different from the conventional notions. These include:
  • The Garden of Eden, according to Rohl, was located in what is now northwestern Iran, between Lake Urmia and theCaspian Sea.[31]
  • The Tower of Babel, according to Rohl, was built in the ancient Sumerian capital of Eridu.[32]
  • The site of the ancient city of Sodom is "a little over 100 metres beneath the surface of the Dead Sea," a few kilometers south-by-southeast from En-Gedi.[33]
  • The Amalekites defeated by King Saul were not the ones living in the Negev and/or the Sinai, but a northern branch of this people, "in the territory of Ephraim, on the highlands of Amalek" - or, in an alternative translation "in the Land of Ephraim, the mountains of the Amalekites" (Judges 12:15). This is supported by the report that, immediately following his destruction of the Amalekites, "Saul went to Carmel and set up a monument" (I Samuel 15:12). Once Saul is removed from the Negev and the Sinai, "Saul's kingdom as described in the Bible is precisely the area ruled over by Labaya according to the el-Amarna letters."[34]

ROHL'S REVISED CHRONOLOGY OF PHARAOHS

Dates proposed by Rohl for various Egyptian monarchs, all dates BCE (NC=New Chronology, OC=Orthodox/conventional Chronology):

NameNotesNC fromNC toOC fromOC to
Khety IVPharaoh whom Abraham visited18761847
Abraham in Egypt1853
Amenemhat I1800177019851956
Amenemhat III1682163718311786
Joseph appointed vizier1670
Wegaf16321630
Sobekhotep IIIEnslaved the Israelites15681563
Sobekhotep IVMoses fled from him15301508
DudimoseThe Exodus took place in 1447 in Rohl's chronology14501446
Sheshi14161385
Nehesi14041375
ShalekFirst of the major Hyksos rulers12981279
Khyan12551226
Apepi12091195
Ahmose IThe end of the Hyksos rule at Avaris took place in 1183 , according to Rohl1194117015501525
Amenhotep I1170115015251504
Amenhotep IV Akhenaten1022100713521336
Ugarit Eclipse1012
Tutankhamun100799813361327
Horemheb99096213231295
Ramesses II94387712791213
Battle of Qadesh939
Merneptah88887512131203
Shoshenq I823803945924
Herihor823813
Shoshenq II765762
Taharqa690664

RECEPTION

In Egyptology

Egyptologists have not adopted the New Chronology,[2] continuing to employ the standard chronology in mainstream academic and popular publications. Rohl's most vocal critic has been Professor Kenneth Kitchen, formerly of Liverpool University, who called Rohl's thesis "100% nonsense."'.[35] By contrast, other Egyptologists recognise the value of Rohl's work in challenging the bases of the Egyptian chronological framework. Professor Eric Hornung acknowledges that "...there remain many uncertainties in the Third Intermediate Period, as critics such as David Rohl have rightly maintained; even our basic premise of 925 [BC] for Shoshenq’s campaign to Jerusalem is not built on solid foundations."[36] Academic debate on the New Chronology, however, has largely not taken place in Egyptological or archaeological journals. Most discussions are to be found in theInstitute for the Study of Interdisciplinary SciencesJournal of the Ancient Chronology Forum (1985–2006),[37] which specialised in the chronological issues generally neglected in mainstream Egyptology.[38]
Chris Bennett (1996)[2] notes that besides academic debate on problems with the conventional chronology, such as those associated with the Thera eruption, a "far deeper challenge ... has been mounted in the public arena." The history of this challenge to mainstream consensus outside of academic debate originates with the 1991 Centuries of Darkness by Peter James, together with Rohl, co-founder of the Institute for the Study of Interdisciplinary SciencesCenturies of Darknesspostulated 250 years of non-existent "phantom time" in the conventional chronology based on an archaeological "Dark Age".[39]
Given the specialist nature of Egyptian chronology, most academics defer to Kenneth Kitchen for the counter arguments against the New Chronology. Kitchen's main criticisms have focussed on Rohl's Third Intermediate Period revision which proposes an overlap between the 21st and 22nd Dynasties. In particular Kitchen challenges the validity of the chronological anomalies raised by Rohl, questioning whether they are true anomalies and offering his own explanations for the apparent problems raised by Rohl. Kitchen accuses New Chronologists of being obsessed with trying to close gaps in the archaeological record by lowering the dating. However, in his 2007 PhD thesis, 'Aspects of Ancient Near Eastern Chronology (c. 1600 – 700 BC)', published by Melbourne University, Department of History,[40] Dr Pierce Furlong raises an objection to this general criticism:
Kitchen answers such points as these [on the NC TIP anomalies] by making the general argument that a gap in our knowledge does not equate to a gap in antiquity. That is, the original evidence that might have resolved these anomalies has either not yet been unearthed, or else it has already been irretrievably destroyed. While this may be a perfectly understandable position to take, nevertheless, current research has to address the evidence as it now stands, and to try and resolve the anomalies that currently exist.
Furlong goes on to address the specific counter-arguments offered by Kitchen in his dismissal of the TIP anomalies raised by Rohl and other revisionists. First he deals with the issue of the tomb of the 22nd Dynasty king Osorkon II at Tanis, apparently having been built before the tomb of the 21st Dynasty king Akheperre Psusennes. Kitchen suggests that Osorkon usurped the tomb of an earlier 21st Dynasty king (possibly Smendes) of which no trace of the original occupant survives by way of artefacts or wall inscriptions. Furlong responds:
... some of the accompanying arguments presented by Kitchen do not appear particularly convincing. For example, regarding the arrangement of tombs occupied by Psusennes I and Osorkon II, Kitchen notes how Pharaoh Amenemope came to later occupy the chamber originally prepared for the wife of his predecessor, Psusennes I, eliminating every trace of her ‘effects’ in the process. But to compare a chamber belonging to a queen with a whole tomb belonging to a king is not really to compare like with like. A king’s presence is far more likely to permeate the whole tomb, while this queen’s effects, even accepting that she had actually been buried in the chamber reserved for her, may well have been restricted to just her coffin and a few accompanying funerary objects.
Furlong then addresses the issue of the missing Apis bulls from the 21st Dynasty, supporting Rohl's contention that this is a clear-cut archaeological anomaly which requires an explanation:
Similarly, regarding the lack of Apis bull evidence from the entire 21st Dynasty, Kitchen notes how no Apis bulls have been found from the time of their first mention during the 1st Dynasty until their actual appearance under Amenophis III of the 18th Dynasty; and he playfully asks if this absence of bulls should not also lead one to collapse sixteen centuries of Egyptian history to eliminate this artifactual gap? But, once again, this is hardly a fair comparison: nobody knows where these earlier Apis bulls may have been buried, or indeed how. On the other hand, the absence of 21st Dynasty burials constitutes a clear gap in an otherwise well defined archaeological sequence.
On the genealogies of the early TIP, Furlong makes the following argument, based on his own research into the period, which again takes issue with Kitchen and supports Rohl's revision:
Kitchen has also argued that the unbroken series of High Priests of Amun in Thebes, together with the genealogies of other noble families, allow for no significant shortening of the conventional chronology, and that to deny this evidence and argue for genealogical gaps is no better than a ‘baseless illusion’. However … what is currently seen as possibly the principal objection against overlapping the 21st and 22nd Dynasties, namely, this genealogical data, actually provides the basis upon which to argue for just such an overlap; as well as, I would argue, the evidence for unravelling the true chronology for this whole period.
Finally, Dr Furlong insists that, in his view, "there are no serious obstacles to overlapping the whole of the 21st Dynasty with the 22nd Dynasty, thereby dramatically reducing the duration of the TIP."
Grouping all radical revisions of Egyptian chronology together without distinction, Hornung, in his Introduction to the Handbook of Ancient Egyptian Chronology, makes the following statement:
We will always be exposed to such attempts, but they could only be taken seriously if not only the arbitrary dynasties and rulers, but also their contexts, could be displaced.... In the absence of such proofs we can hardly be expected to "refute" such claims, or even to respond in any fashion ... It is thus neither arrogance nor ill-will that leads the academic community to neglect these efforts which frequently lead to irritation and distrust outside of professional circles (and are often undertaken with the encouragement of the media). These attempts usually require a rather lofty disrespect of the most elementary sources and facts and thus do not merit discussion. We will therefore avoid discussion of such issues in our handbook, restricting ourselves to those hypotheses and discussions which are based on the sources.[41]
Bennett (1996), whilst not accepting Rohl's thesis, suggests that such out-of-hand rejection may be inappropriate in Rohl's case, since "there is a world of difference between [Rohl's] intellectual standing and that of Velikovsky, or even Peter James" since, unlike "popular radicalisms" such as those of VelikovskyBauval or Hancock, "Rohl has a considerable mastery of his material."
Professor Amélie Kuhrt, head of Ancient Near Eastern History at University College, London, in one of the standard reference works of the discipline, states:
An extreme low chronology has been proposed recently by a group devoted to revising the absolute chronology of the Mediterranean and Western Asia: P. James et al., Centuries of Darkness, London, 1991; similar, though slightly diverging revisions, are upheld by another group, too, and partly published in the Journal of the Ancient Chronology Forum. The hub for the dating of other cultures is Egypt, so much of the work of both groups focuses on Egyptian evidence. Many scholars feel sympathetic to the critique of weaknesses in the existing chronological framework presented in these volumes, but most archaeologists and ancient historians are not at present convinced that the radical redatings proposed stand up to close examination.[3]

Scientific counter-evidence

The Rohl's chronology was sharply criticized as no longer tenable in early 2010 after the release of a radiocarbon date study for artifacts linked to specific pharaohs' reigns. However, if correct, the same study would also refute portions of the Old Chronology with findings that would push the dates for several kings earlier.[42] Regardless, proponents of the New Chronology have since noted several problems with the radiocarbon dating itself, including reliance on questionable and unpublished tree-ring data (dendrochronology) for calibration and use of assumptions about the sequence and lengths of Egyptian reigns.[43]

In popular media

In 1995 Rohl published his version of the New Chronology, in the best-selling book A Test of Time, accompanied by a 1995 Channel 4 three-part series Pharaohs and Kings - A Biblical QuestA Test of Time takes up the general scenario presented by James, adding many details omitted in 1991, including the "dramatic results" pertaining to Biblical chronology. Whilst the New Chronology has not been broadly accepted in academia, it has been widely disseminated to the public since the 1990s via Rohl's best-selling[44] books and a 1995 Channel 4 television documentary, aired in the USA in 1996 on The Learning Channel. Berthoud (2008) contrasts the "near-unanimous" rejection of Rohl's theories in Egyptology with the "sensational effect" his books, combined with the television series, had on the general public.[45]
The reaction of some leading figures from the academic establishment has been very hostile. Kenneth Kitchen presented a "savage review" of Centuries of Darkness in the Times Literary Supplement, and the British Museum banned A Test of Timefrom its museum store.[46]

By evangelicals

In December 1999 the Dutch language internet journal Bijbel, Geschiedenis en Archeologie (Bible, History and Archaeology) devoted space to a debate about Rohl's New Chronology. According to evangelical scholar, J.G. van der Land, editor of the journal, Rohl's time-line resolves some archaeological anomalies surrounding ancient Egypt, but creates conflicts with other areas that make it untenable.[47] His arguments were then countered by Peter van der Veen and Robert Porter.[48][49] In the final article in the issue, van der Land identified some new issues for Rohl's chronology arising from recent finds in Assyrian letters.[50] A detailed response to van der Land's criticisms has been published by Bernard Newgrosh in his volume on Mesopotamian chronology Chronology at the Crossroads: The Late Bronze Age in Western Asia published in 2007.[51]


SOURCES

  • Rohl, David (1995). A Test of Time: The Bible - from Myth to History. London: CenturyISBN 0712659137.Published in the U.S. as Rohl, David (1995). Pharaohs and Kings: A Biblical Quest. New York: Crown Publishers.ISBN 0517703157.
  • Rohl, David (1998). Legend: The Genesis of Civilisation. London: CenturyISBN 071267747X.
  • Rohl, David (2002). The Lost Testament: From Eden to Exile - The Five-Thousand-Year history of the People of the Bible. London: CenturyISBN 0712669930. Published in paperback as Rohl, David (2003). From Eden to Exile: The Epic History of the People of the Bible. London: Arrow Books LtdISBN 0099415666.
  • Van der Veen, Peter; Zerbst, Uwe (2004). Biblische Archäologie Am Scheideweg?: Für und Wider einer Neudatierung archäologischer Epochen im alttestamentlichen Palästina. Holzgerlingen, Germany: Haenssler-Verlag GmbH. ISBN 9783775138512.
  • Rohl, David (2007). The Lords of Avaris: Uncovering the Legendary Origins of Western Civilisation. London: Century.ISBN 0712677623.
  • Newgrosh, Bernard (2007). Chronology at the Crossroads: The Late Bronze Age in Western Asia. Leicester: Troubador Publishing. ISBN 9781906221621.

REFERENCES

  1. ^ David Rohl, The Lost Testament (published in the UK in 2002, republished as From Eden to Exile in the USA in 2009), p. 2.
  2. a b c Bennett, Chris. "Temporal Fugues", Journal of Ancient and Medieval Studies XIII (1996). Available at[1]
  3. a b Kuhrt, AmélieThe Ancient Near East c. 3000-330 BC, Volume I (Routledge History of the Ancient World series, London & New York, 1995), p. 14.
  4. a b c d The Sunday Times, 13 October 2002, How myth became history
  5. ^ The Lost Testament, p. 3
  6. ^ A Test of Time, p. 11
  7. ^ Becherath, J. von, in Helk, W. (ed.) Abstracts for the 'High, Middle or Low? International Colloquium on Chronology held at Schloss Haindorf (1990), p. 5
  8. ^ Helck, W. in Helk, W. (ed.) Abstracts for the 'High, Middle or Low? International Colloquium on Chronology held at Schloss Haindorf (1990), p. 21
  9. ^ Ash, Paul S. David, Solomon and Egypt Continuum International Publishing Group - Sheffie (1 Nov 1999)ISBN 978-1841270210 pp. 30-31
  10. ^ Coogan, Michael David The Oxford History of the Biblical World Oxford Paperbacks; New edition (26 Jul 2001) ISBN 978-0195139372 p. 175
  11. ^ Wilson, Kevin A The Campaign of Pharaoh Shoshenq I into Palestine Mohr Siebeck 2005 ISBN 978-3161482700 p.1
  12. ^ A Test of Time, pp. 122-27.
  13. ^ The Lost Testament, pp. 389-96.
  14. ^ David RohlShoshenq, Shishak and Shysha, accessed 7 August 2009
  15. ^ Grisanti, Michael A; Davd M. Howard Giving the Sense Kregel Academic & Professional (1 April 2004)ISBN 978-0825428920 p.193 [2]
  16. ^ P. J. Furlong: Aspects of Ancient Near Eastern Chronology (c. 1600–700 BC), Gorgias Dissertations 46 (Gorgias Press, 2010), ISBN 978-1-60724-127-0, p. 16.
  17. ^ Wilson, Kevin A. (2005). The Campaign of Pharaoh Shoshenq I into Palestine. Mohr Siebeck. p. 65.ISBN 3161482700.
  18. ^ Kichen, Kenneth A. (1973). The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt. Aris & Phillips. p. 432. ISBN 0 85668 001.
  19. ^ Noth, M. (1938). ZDPV 61. pp. 277–304.
  20. ^ Albright, W. F. (1937/39). Archiv für Orientfoschung 12. pp. 385–86.
  21. ^ Mazar, B. (1957). VTS 4. pp. 57–66.
  22. ^ Aharoni, Y. (1966). The Land of the Bible. pp. 283–90.
  23. ^ Burney, Charles Allen (2004). Historical dictionary of the Hittites. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810849364, 9780810849365http://books.google.com/books?id=74IJytg2XuUC&pg=PA1&dq=Hittite+chronology+Egyptian#v=onepage&q=Hittite%20chronology%20Egyptian&f=false.
  24. ^ The Lords of Avaris, Chapter 17.
  25. ^ Newgrosh, pp. 54-86.
  26. ^ Kitchen, Preface to the 2nd edition of TIPE.
  27. ^ Bimson.
  28. ^ John Bimson, Redating the Exodus and Conquest(Sheffield, 1978), and in JACF 2 [online athttp://www.newchronology.org/cgi-bin/somsid.cgi?session=1251460988&page=html/volumes/02]; Rohl [A Test of Time, Chapter 14, pp. 299-325.
  29. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ab7_GFJ-dKQC&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47&dq=Dever+Joshua+destroyed&source=bl&ots=9f1-mIy5Rk&sig=AP4beb8UAyry_Hskwm6W-YFhreY&hl=en&ei=1MaXSvDyF5yRjAeluLy9BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false
  30. a b M. Sturgis, It Ain’t Necessarily So: Investigating the Truth of the Biblical Past’ (Headlin, London, 2001), p. 7.
  31. ^ The Lost Testament, pp. 16-29.
  32. ^ The Lost Testament
  33. ^ The Lost Testament, pp. 120-124.
  34. ^ The Lost Testament, p. 318)
  35. ^ Kitchen, Kenneth (2003). "Egyptian interventions in the Levant in Iron Age II". In Dever, William G..Symbiosis, symbolism, and the power of the past: Canaan, ancient Israel, and their neighbors from the Late Bronze Age through Roman Palaestina. Seymour Gitin. Eisenbrauns. p. 122. ISBN 1575060817, 9781575060811http://books.google.ca/books?id=KK3eFcbIGN0C&pg=PA113&dq=Rohl+Kitchen#v=onepage&q=Rohl%20Kitchen&f=false.
  36. ^ Hornung, E. et al.: "Ancient Egyptian Chronology" (Handbook of Oriental Studies I, vol. 83, Brill, Leiden, 2006), p. 13.
  37. ^ ISIS archive, Journal of the Ancient Chronology Forum.
  38. ^ Sturt W. Manning in Classical Review, Vol. 47, No. 2 (1997), pp. 438-439, in a non-Egyptological context:
    "Chronology and dating in academic archaeology and ancient history are subjects avidly practised by a few, regarded as a necessary but comprehensively boring evil by the majority. As with public transport, we all need the timetable in order to travel, but we have no desire to learn about the workings of the necessary trains, buses, tracks, roads, stations, connections, and so on. Moreover, the study of chronology is unpleasant, detailed, and difficult, and lacks intellectual status and élan. It is like engineering, or surgery. Thus, where possible, the academic establishment likes to find some study on chronology to be effectively definitive, and the agreed 'text': other, higher, work can then be attended to. E. Meyer's study of 1892 on Herodotos' chronology thus remains a basis for current study for Greek history; J. A. Brinkman's work on Kassite chronology (article 1970, book 1976) remains effectively definitive; and so on. It is only when some iconoclast, or outsider, challenges the whole structure, tries to 'beat the boffins', that general academic attention returns to chronology (e.g. Peter James et al., Centuries of Darkness, 1991, David Rohl, A Test of Time, 1995)."
  39. ^ "In a special review issue of the Cambridge Archaeological Journal these proposals were roundly rejected by experts in all disciplines in Old World archaeology, a result virtually assured by the failure of the authors to present more than an outline restructuring for Egyptian chronology." Bennett (1996:2).
  40. ^ P. J. Furlong: Aspects of Ancient Near Eastern Chronology (c. 1600–700 BC), Gorgias Dissertations 46 (Gorgias Press, 2010), ISBN 978-1-60724-127-0.
  41. ^ Hornung, E. et al.: "Ancient Egyptian Chronology" (Handbook of Oriental Studies I, vol. 83, Brill, Leiden, 2006), p. 15.
  42. ^ Christopher Bronk Ramsey et al., Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt, Science Vol. 328. no. 5985 (18 June 2010), pp. 1554 - 1557.
  43. ^ "Re: 'Radiocarbon Dating and Egyptian Chronology' symposium" on Yahoo "NewChronology - David Rohl" discussion group, available at [3]
  44. ^ A Test of Time stayed in the top ten Sunday Timesbestseller list for eight weeks in 1995 (from 17th September to 6th November, pp. 7-14).
  45. ^ Berthoud, J-M. Creation Bible Et Science, 2008,ISBN 9782825138878, 244f.
  46. ^ Alden Bass (2003), Which Came First, the Pyramids or the Flood?Apologetics Press :: Reason & Revelation, November 2003 - 23[11]:97-101
  47. ^ van der Land, J.G. (2000) "Pharaohs and the Bible: David Rohl's chronology untenable", Bijbel, Geschiedenis en Archeologie, December 1999
  48. ^ van der Veen, P.G. (2000) "Is Rohl's Chronology inaccurate? A reply to BGA'," Bijbel, Geschiedenis en Archeologie, December 1999
  49. ^ Porter, R.M. (2000) "'Did the Philistines settle in Canaan around 1200 BC?", Bijbel, Geschiedenis en Archeologie, December 1999
  50. ^ van der Land, J.G. (2000), "Conclusive evidence against Rohl's proposed New Chronology: An Assyrian chancellor's archive"Bijbel, Geschiedenis en Archeologie, December 1999
  51. ^ Newgrosh, B. "Chronology at the Crossroads: The Late Bronze Age in Western Asia" (Matador, ISBN 978-1905221-621, Leicester, 2007)