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Tuesday, May 15, 2012

Andrey Iv. Diky - Jews in Russia and in the USSR [BOOK] -C


Jews in Russia and in the USSR
© 1967 by Andrey Iv. Diky

PART C


Supplement I

V. N. Tatishchev "History of Russia" Vol. II Edited by the USSR Academy of Sciences Moscow-Leningrad 1963 (Years 6621 = 1113) "The Great Duke VLADIMIR MONOMAKH, Vsevolod II, the son of Vsevolod I". (Chapter 13, p. 129)
"…The Kievites, not wanting Sviatoslaviches, became indignant and ransacked the houses of those who supported the Sviatoslaviches. The house of the military chief (Tysiatsky), Putiaty, was ransacked first. Then many Jews were beaten; their houses were ransacked because these people did a lot of harm to Christians in the matters of trade. A great number of them gathered in the synagogue and erected a barrier; they defended themselves as best they could, asking respite until Vladimir's arrival. The dignitaries of Kiev, seeing such great disarray and fearing worse to come, were hardly able to persuade the people to calm down. They sent for Vladimir a second time with a request to him to come immediately to appease the rebellious people, warning him that 'if you hasten not your advent, your daughter-in-law, the Great Duchess, boyars, churches and monasteries will be ransacked. And if that happens then you and you alone must answer before God'. Hearing this, Vladimir was greatly horrified, and soon sent 'to announce' to inform Sviatoslaviches about everything; he himself left for Kiev. And when, on Sunday, April 20, Vladimir approached Kiev, he was met by a great number of people outside the city. Then he was met by the boyars at the gates of the citadel. The Metropolitan Nikofor, with bishops and clergy of the parish, met him with honors and great joy and led him to the Duke's house.
Thus Vladimir accepted the throne, to the pleasure of all the people and the mutiny ceased. However, he was asked publicly to bring the Jews to justice because they took away all the Christian trade. Under Sviatopolk, the Jews had great freedom and power, because of which many merchants and artisans were ruined; they enticed many to their law and took up residence in houses among Christians, a thing that had not been done before. This is why the people wanted to beat them and to ransack their houses. But Vladimir replied: 'Many of them (the Jews) came and settled everywhere in different principalities because they were admitted by the previous Dukes. It is not now proper for me, without a council of Dukes, to stand contrary to lawfulness and to allow killing and ranacking where many innocent could perish. For this reason I will call the Dukes to a council meeting at once'.

And soon Vladimir called them all to Kiev. When the 6 Dukes gathered for the council meeting in Vydobytch they established the following law after a long discussion: 'From this day on, from all the lands of Russia, all Jews with their possessions shall be deported, and hence they shall not be readmitted; if they secretly re-enter, it is permissible to ransack and to kill them'. And the orders were sent to all cities, according to which they were deported. Yet many in the cities and on the way out were beaten and ransacked. From that time on, there are no Jews in Russia, and whenever some of them come, the people ransack and kill them…"
(Source: "Chronicle of Nestor".)
Supplement II

THE RULING CLASS OF USSR BEFORE WORLD WAR II
(Years: 1936-1939)
SECRETARIATE OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE CPSU (b)
I. V.
Stalin
L. M.
Kaganovich
Jew

ORGANIZATION BUREAU OF CENTRAL COMMITTEE CPSU (b)
I. V.
Stalin
Y. B.
Gamarnik
Jew
N. I.
Ezhov
M. M.
Kaganovich
Jew
N. M.
Shvernik



COMMISSARIAT OF FINANCE 
COMMISSAR:

G. F.
Grinko




HIS DEPUTIES:

E. B.
Genkin(Rosental)
Jew
R. Y.
Levin
Jew
Y. A.
Teumin
Jew




Keeper of valuables and manager of external trade department:
O. I.
Kahan
Jew






MEMBERS OF THE BOARD:
L.
Shanin
Jew

Malakhovsky
Jew
A. A.
Pekis

Naifeld
Jew
A. Y.
Khatskevich
Jew

Tamarkin
Jew
I. V.
Blink
Jew




Chairman of Central Committee of Finance and Bank Employees:
D.
Zaslavsky
Jew










STATE BANK 

CHAIRMAN:

L. E.
Mariazin
Jew
DEPUTY:

G. M.
Arkus
Jew
CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF CPSU (b)
V. A.
Balitsky
I. S.
Unshlikht
K. Y.
Bauman
Jew
A. S.
Bulin
?
I. M.
Varaikis
M. I.
Kalmanovich
Y. B.
Gamarnik
Jew
D. S.
Baika
Jew
N. I.
Ezhov

Zifrinovich
Jew
I. A.
Zelensky

Trakhter
Jew
I. D.
Kabakov (Rosenfeld)
Jew
F. P.
Griadinsky
Jew
Y.A.
Iakovlev (Epshtein)
Jew
G. N.
Kaminsky
Jew

Bitner
Jew
L. M.
Kaganovich
Jew
G.
Kaner
Jew
M. M.
Kaganovich
Jew
V. G.
Knorin
Jew
L.
Krishman
Jew
I. E.
Yakir
Jew
A.K.
Lepa
Jew
S. S.
Lobov
S.A.
Lozovsky(Dridzov)
Jew
I. E.
Lubimov (Kozlevsky)
Jew
B. P.
Pozern
D. Z.
Manuilsky
T.D.
Deribas
Jew
I. P.
Nosov
V.V.
Osinsky
Jew
U. L.
Piatakov
K. K.
Strievsky
I. A.
Piatnitsky (Blumberg)
Jew
N. N.
Popov
M.O.
Razumov (Sagovich)
Jew
S.
Schwarts
Jew
A. I.
Ougarov
E. I.
Veger
Jew
G. I.
Blagonravov
M. L.
Rukhimovich
Jew
A.P.
Rosenholts
Jew
L.Z.
Mekhlis
Jew
A. P.
Serebrovsky
Jew
K.V.
Ryndin
A.M.
Shteinhart
Jew
I. V.
Stalin
I. P.
Pavlunovsky
Jew
M. M.
Khataevich
Jew
G. Y.
Sokolnikov (Brilliant)
Jew
M.S.
Chudov (Askov)
Jew
G. I.
Broido
Jew
A. M.
Shvernik
V. I.
Polonsky
Jew
R. I.
Aikhe
Jew
G.D.
Vainberg
Jew
G.G.
Yagoda
Jew
M.M.
Litvinov (Finkelshtein)
Jew



NOTE:               Jewish nationality is written.

Non-Jewish nationality is indicated by hyphens.
REMARK:         Possible inaccuracy in names is explained in the second part of this work.
REMARK:            59 members in all, of which 40 were Jews.
CENTRAL INSPECTION COMMITTEE UNDER THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF CPSU (b)
M. F.
Vladimirovsky
E. S.
Kohan
Jew
I. S.
Shelekhes
Jew
Y. A.
Popok
Jew
V. V.
Adoratsky
?
P. M.
Pevzniak
Jew
Y. S.
Agranov (Sorenzov)
Jew
S. F.
Redens
Jew
Y.G.
Soifer
Jew
L. N.
Aronshtam
Jew
N. M.
Yanson
?


SOVIET CONTROL COMMISSION UNDER THE SOVIET PEOPLE's COMMISSARS OF USSR
Z. M. Belenky
Jew
K. B. Gay
Jew
N. M. Antselovich
Jew
U.M. Gladshtein
Jew
A. I.  Gaister
Jew
L.E. Goldich
Jew
I. S.  Zemliachka
Jew
M.A. Daich
Jew
I. M. Moskvich
N.I.  Ilin
B. A. Roizenman
Jew
A. I. Karlik
Jew
Y. Y. Bauer (Baier)
Jew
R. Y. Kissis
Jew
L.P. Bogat
Jew
K. L. Soms
Jew
E.I.  Vainbaum
Jew
S. Y. Manfred
?
P. S. Vengerova
Jew
    G. Melamed
Jew
M. I. Gemmervert
Jew
A.N. Gussev (Fridkin)
Jew
Y. I. Gindin
Jew
A.P. Rosit
Jew
V.G. Faigin
Jew


PARTY CONTROL COMMISSION UNDER THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF CPSU (b)
L.M. Kaganovich
Jew
L. A. Paparde
Jew
N. I. Ezhove
A. N. Petrovsky (Birkman)
Jew
     E. Yaroslavsky
Jew
D.A. Bulatov
Jew
E. I. Yurevich
Jew
I. M. Bekker
Jew
N.S. Berezin
R.G. Rubinov
Jew
S.K. Brikke
?
M. I. Rubinshtein
Jew
E. B. Genkin (Rosental)
Jew
V. P. Stavsky
Jew
M. L. Sorokin
M. L. Granovsky
Jew
M. M. Temkin
Jew
V. Y. Grosman
Jew
A.A. Frenkel
Jew
P. E. Davidson
Jew
S. T. Khavkin
Jew
B. A. Dvinsky
Jew
V. F. Sharangovich
Jew
A.A. Levin
Jew
A. I.  Yakovlev (Epshtein)
Jew
Z. I.  Meerzon
Jew
N. N. Rabichev (Zaidenshner)
Jew



COMMISSARIAT OF HEAVY INDUSTRY
COMMISSAR:

G. K. Ordzhonikidze




HIS DEPUTIES:

A. I. Gurevich
Jew
M. M. Kaganovich
Jew
A. P. Serebrovsky
G. L. Piatakov
A. M. Pitersky
M. L. Rukhimovich
Jew
A. V. Vinter




MEMBERS OF THE BOARD:
Birman
Jew
V. Grosman
Jew
Shtern
Jew
Y. Gugel
Jew
Y. B. Shumiatsky
Jew
Erman
Jew
P. I. Andraunas
Jew
Israilovich
Jew
A. A. Sokolenko
Jew
Figatner
Jew
S. Ginsburg
Jew
Shtein
Jew
A. I. Dubrovitsky
Jew

COMMISSARIAT OF LIGHT INDUSTRY
COMMISSAR:

I. E. Lubimov (Kozlevsky)
Jew




HIS DEPUTIES:



A. M. Fushman
Jew
A. B. Genkin (Rozental)
Jew
V. A. Levin
Jew
Shvartsman
Jew
M.A. Daich
Jew
Margulis
Jew

COMMISSARIAT OF FOREST INDUSTRY
COMMISSAR:

S. S. Lobov




HIS DEPUTIES:

Kazatsky
Jew
A. K. Albert
Jew
A. G. Rozin
Jew
K. Y. Rosental
Jew
I. A. Vladek
Jew
Greenshtain
Jew
M. A. Sovetnikov
  
COMMISSARIAT OF GRAIN AND LIVE-STOCK OF SOVIET AGRICULTURE
COMMISSAR:

M. I. Kalmanovich
Jew




HIS DEPUTIES:

K.P. Soms
G. L. Ostrovsky
Jew
M. G. Gerchikov
Jew
T. A. Yurkin (Vainberg)
Jew
V. L. Paverman
Jew
L.A. Grushevsky
Jew
A. L. Lvov
Jew
COMMISSARIAT OF AGRICULTURE 
COMMISSAR:

M. A. Chernov




HIS DEPUTIES:

I. I. Raingold
Jew
A. A. Levin
Jew
Podgaets
Jew




MEMBERS OF THE BOARD:


S. B. Uritsky
Jew
L. L. Paperni
Jew
Kahan
Jew
L. Shtok
Jew
COMMISSARIATE OF EXTERNAL TRADE 
COMMISSAR:

A. P. Rosenholts
Jew




HIS DEPUTIES:

I. Y. Veinzer
Jew
M. I. Frumkin
Jew
A. B. Ozersky




MEMBERS OF THE BOARD:
B. S. Belenky
Jew
S. A. Mesing
?
S. G. Bron
Jew
B. I. Plavnik
Jew
M. G. Bronsky
F. Y. Rabinovich
Jew
S. M. Dvoilatsky
Jew
N.N. Romm
L.H. Fridrikhson
Y. A. Sokolin
Jew
M. G. Gurevich
Jew
M. L. Sorokin
Jew
Y. D. Yanson
Jew
A.M. Tamarin
Jew
M. A. Kattel
Jew
S. B. Zhukovsky
Jew
F. F. Kilevets
I. I. Flior
Jew
A.A. Kisin
Jew
I. M. Katsnelson
Jew
B. I. Kraevsky
Jew
  
COMMISSARIAT OF SUPPLY 
COMMISSAR:

A. I. Mikoian




HIS DEPUTIES:

M. N. Belenky
Jew
M. F. Levitan
Jew
Y.K. Yaglom
Jew
M. N. Belsky
Jew
S. Y. Grossman
Jew




MEMBERS OF THE BOARD:


B. Giber
Jew
P. Y. Rosenta
Jew
Golman
Jew
R. P. Rozit
Jew
G. I. Dukor
Jew
N. G. Gurevich
Jew
Indenbaum
Jew
A. N. Kliazet
?
S. Ginzburg
Jew
L. S. Nikolaevsky
Jew
  
CENTRAL UNION OF CONSUMER SOCIETIES 
COMMISSAR:

I.A. Zelensky




HIS DEPUTIES:

A.S. Kishak
Jew
B.L. Krichevsky
Jew
M.S. Epstein
Jew




Chairman of All-Union Co-Operative Bank:
M. Vul
Jew






MAIN ARBITRATION 
CHIEF ARBITRATOR:

F. I. Goloshchenko
Jew
His deputy:

I.K. Hamburg
?




ARBITRATORS:



A.I. Vainshtein
Jew
A. P. Schneider
Je
PROCURATOR’s OFFICE 
GENERAL PROCURATOR

I. A. Akulov




Assistant Procurators:



A. A. Solts
Jew
Shirving
Jew




DEPUTIES:

Sigal
Jew
Leplevsky
Jew
A. Y. Vyshinsky

COMMISARIAT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS 
COMMISSAR:
M. M. Litvinov (Finkelsthain)
Jew




HIS DEPUTIES:

G. Y. Sokolnikov-Brilliant
Jew
N. N. Krestinsky
L. M. Karakhan
Jew




Secretary of People's Commissariat:
P. P. Otlichin



Secretaries:


B. I.   Shmokh-Bronskaia
Jew
S. B. Epshtein
Jew
M. S. Morshtiner
Jew
V. I. Dyment
Jew




PROTOCOL DEPARTMENT:


Chief:

Y. A. Rothstein
Jew
Secretary:

B. G. Burstein
Jew




POLITICAL ARCHIVES:



Chief:

I. S. Yakubovich
Jew




DEPARTMENT OF DIPLOMATIC COURIERS:

Chief:

F. K. Grikman
Jew




1st WESTERN DEPARTMENT:
(Poland, Scandinavia, Baltic.)
Chief:

L. E. Berezov
Jew
Assistant:

L. Y. Gaidis
Jew
Referent on Poland:

E. L. Kontis
Jew




2nd WESTERN DEPARTMENT:
(Central Europe, Balkans.)

Chief:

D. G. Shtern
Jew
Assistant:

F. V. Linde
Jew
Referent on Czechs and Balkans:
M. S. Shapiro
Jew
Referent on Germany, Switzerland & Holland:
V. L. Levin
Jew
Referents on Austria & Hungary:
M. I. Rossovsky
Jew

S. P. Kanter
Jew




3rd WESTERN DEPARTMENT:
(Anglo-Roman countries.)

Chief:

E. V. Rubinin
Jew
Assistant:

H. S. Veinberg
Jew
Referent on USA:

S. L. Stoler
Jew
Referent on England:

K. Y. Lelians








1st EASTERN DEPARTMENT:
(Middle Eastern countries.)

Chief:

V. M. Zukerman
Jew
Press Director:

E. L. Galperin
Jew




2nd EASTERN DEPARTMENT:
(Far Eastern countries.)

Chief:

B. I. Kozlovsky
?
Referent on China:

M. S. Smirnov-Bregovsky
Jew
Referent on Japan:

E. G. Eizenshtadt
Jew




LEGAL DEPARTMENT:



Chief:

A. V. Sabanin
Assistant:

M. A. Plotkin
Jew
Juristcounsellors:

V. G. Blumfeld
Jew


V. O. Braun
Jew
Referents:

I. S. Duvan
Jew


N. E. Rivlina
Jew


A. B. Rafalovskai
Jew
ECONOMIC SECTION:



Chief:

B. D. Rosenblum
Jew
Assistant:

R. M. Fligelbaum
Jew




CONSULAR DEPARTMENT:


Chief:

A. V. Zaslavsky
Jew
Referents:

A. A. Poliak
Jew


V. N. Krivitskaia


V. N. Serebriannyi
Jew


E. A. Shmulevich
Jew




PRESS AND INFORMATION DEPARTMENT:

Chief:

K. A. Umansky
Jew
Assistants:

Y. B. Podolsky
Jew


S. S. Belsky
Jew


B. M. Mirnov
Jew




ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS AND PERSONELL DEPARTMENT:
Chief:

Y. M. Martizon
Jew
Assistant:

L. A. Gashkel
Jew




COMMISARIAT DELEGATES UNDER THE UNION REPUBLICS:
Under the Russian SFSR:

A. A. Rozé
Jew


G. I. Melamed
Jew


G. I. Vainshtein
Jew
Under the Ukrainian SSR:

G. B. Gelyunovsky
Jew

A. M. Petrovsky-Schwartzman
Jew




Under the Byelorussian SSR:

I. A. Kartashev
Jew
Under the Transcaucasian SSR:
Y. S. Ilyinsky
Jew


R. M. Naimark
Jew


A. G. Itkin
Jew
Under the Uzbek SSR:

Y. A. Einkhor
Jew


G. A. Apresov
?
Under the Turkmen SSR:

S. L. Borisov
Jew


B. B. Shargorodsky
Jew
Under the Tajik SSR:

I. S. Veinberg
Jew




COMMISSARIAT REPRESENTATIVES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES:
FRANCE:



Ambassador:

V. P. Potemkin
Counselors:

M. I. Rosenberg
Jew


E. B. Girshfeld
Jew
Trade representative:

S. M. Dvoilatsky
Jew
Military attaché:

S. I. Ventsov (Kranets)
Jew




GERMANY:



Ambassador:

Y. Z. Surits
Jew
Secretary:

A. V. Girshfeld
Jew
Vice-Consul:

L. S. Kaplan
Jew
Attaché:

B. M. Gordon
Jew
Trade representatives:

D. V. Kandelaki
?


L. H. Fridrikhzon
Jew


A. S. Fainshtein
Jew


M. Y. Volynsky
Jew
Military attaché:

L. A. Schnitman
Jew




ENGLAND:



Ambassador:

I. M. Maisky (Liakhovsky)
Jew
Counselor:

C. B. Kahan
Jew
Attaché:

A. F. Volchov (Berkman)
Jew
Trade representative:

A. V. Ozersky (Friedman)
Jew




ITALY:



Ambassador:

B. E. Shtein
Jew
Consul:

P. M. Dneprov (Goldshtein)
Jew
Counselor:

P. S. Fridgood
Jew
Secretary:

L. B. Gelfand
Jew
Trade representatives:

B. C. Belkeny
Jew


B. P. Shapiro
Jew




POLAND:



Ambassador:

Y. H. Davtian
Counselor:

B. G. Podolsky
Jew
Trade representative:

A. M. Tamrin
Jew




TURKEY:



Ambassador:

L. M. Karakhan
Jew
Counselor:

H. A. Zalkind
Jew
Trade representative:

S. I. Akivis




AMERICA:



Ambassador:

A. A. Troianovsky
Counselor:

B. E. Svirsky
Jew
Secretaries:

A. F. Naiman
?


G. I. Hokhman
Jew
Attachés:

B. K. Lipko
?


G. M. Grigoriev
Jew




AUSTRIA:



Ambassador:

A. M. Petrovsky
Jew
Counselor:

Lorents
Jew
Secretary:

P. K. Nekunde
Consul:

G. E. Shainin
Jew




GREECE:



Ambassador:

M. V. Kobetsky
Jew
Secretary:

G. Y. Bezhanov
Jew
Trade representative:

N. S. Angarsky
Jew
His assistant:

V. A. Adamson




JAPAN:



Ambassador:

K. K. Yurenev (Ganfman)
Jew
Counselor:

N. Y. Reivid
Jew
Secretaries:

A. B. Ascov
Jew


B. A. Gintse
Jew
LATVIA:



Ambassador:

S. I. Brodovsky (Brightman)
Jew
Secretary:

I. M. Morshtin
Jew




LITHUANIA:



Ambassador:

M. A. Karsky (Bekman)
Jew
Secretary:

S. M. Kofman
Jew
Trade representative:

A. M. Samarin (Markovich)
Jew




MONGOLIA:



Ambassador:

S. E. Chutskaev
Counselor:

I. Y. Zlatkin
Jew
Secretary:

Y. G. Gorsky
Jew
Trade representative:

A. I. Beerkinhof
Jew




NORWAY:



Ambassador:

I. S. Yakubovich
Jew
Trade representative:

P. I. Kushner
Jew




ROUMANIA:



Ambassador:

M. S. Ostrovsky
Jew




SWEDEN:



Ambassador:

A. M. Kallantoi
Jew




URUGUAY:



Ambassador:

A. E. Minkin
Jew
Secretary:

A. A. Ostrin




FINLAND:



Ambassador:

E. A. Asmus
Trade representative:

L. L. Nepomniashchy
Jew
STATE PLANNING COMMISSION 
CHAIRMAN:

V. I. Mezhlauk




HIS DEPUTIES:

I. S. Unshlikht
E. I. Kuring
A. I. Gaister
Jew




MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION:
Khvesin
Jew
S. S. Dikansky
Jew
N. E. Volynsky
Jew
B. L. Markus
Jew
S. B. Karp
Jew
E. Z. Goldenberg
Jew
G. B. Lauer
Jew
          Mandelson
Jew
M. I. Rubinshtien
Jew
S. L. Goldberg
Jew
     S. Guberman
Jew





  
ALL-RUSSIAN CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
SECRETARY to M. I. Kalinin:
Miagky
Jew




PRESIDIUM SECRETARIAT:


Chief:

M. F. Verbitsky
Deputies:

Z. S.  Ostrovsky
Jew


A. A.  Simanovsky
Jew




GENERAL SECRETARIAT:


Chief:

     I. Yashtain
Jew




PROTOCOL DEPARTMENT:


Chief:

          Resh
Jew




PUBLISHING DEPARTMENT:


Chief:

          Maximovsky
Jew




PERSONELL DEPARTMENT:


Chief:

A. V. Shotman
Jew
Deputy:

G. S. Gurievich
Jew




AMNESTY COMMISSION:


Chairman:

A. S. Munik
Jew
Secretary:

S. P. Milicin
Jew




JEWISH LAND EXPLOITATION COMMITTEE:

Chairman:

     S. Dimanshtein
Jew
Deputy:

B. I.  Trotsky
Jew
Engineer-agronomist:

A. R. Temkin
Jew
Chief Administrator:

E. M. Kohan
Jew




MUNICIPALIZATION AND DEMUNICIPALIZATION COMMISSION:
Chairman:

A. V. Shotman
Jew
Secretary:

M. I. Mashintseva




CORRESPONDENCE BUREAU:

Chief:

M. V. Ottenberg
?




SOVIET CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION:
Chief:

D. M. Naridotsky
?




FINANCE DEPARTMENT:



Chief:

Mant
Jew




“LENIN” FUND COMMISSION:

Chairman:

A. A. Simanovsky
Jew
  
COMMISSARIAT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS (NKVD) 
COMMISSAR:
G. G. Yagoda (Gershel Yagoda)
Jew
Assistant:
Y. S.  Aranov (Sorenzon)
Jew
Chief of Main Administration of Militia:

L. N.

Belsky

Jew
Chief of Main Administration of Camps and Settlements:

M. D.

Bergman

Jew
Chief of Belomor Camps:
L. I.
Kohan
Jew
Chief of Belomoro-Baltic Camps:
S. G.
Firin
Jew
Chief of Main Administration of Prisons:
Apeter
Jew





  
NKVD COMMISSIONERS 
North Caucasian Territory:
Fridberg
Jew
Central Asia:
Piller
Jew
Tajikistan:
Solonitsyn
Uzbekistan:
Krukovsky
?
Azerbaijan:
Purnis
?
Stalinsk Territory:
Rappoport
Jew
Vinitsk Province:
Sokolinsky
Jew
Kharkov Province:
Karlson
?
Far Eastern Territory:
T. D.
Deribass
Jew
Kazakhstan:

Zolin
Jew
Smolensk Province:

Nelke
?
Western Province:

Blat
Jew
Moscow Province:

Redens
?
Leningrad Province:

Zakovsky
Jew
Orenburg Province:

Risky
Jew
Kiev Province:
V. A.
Balitsky
  
PROMINENT EMPLOYEES OF NKVD 
M. A.
Trilisser
Jew
S. A.
Rosenberg
Jew
L. A.
Zalin
Jew
A. G.
Minkin
Jew
L. A.
Mayer
Jew
G. P.
Kladovsky
?
Z. B.
Katsnelso
Jew
F. M.
Kats
Jew
F. M.
Kurmin
Jew
A. L.
Shapiro
Jew
L. D.
Wool
Jew
L. I.
Shpiegelman
Jew
A. I.
Rybkin
M. L.
Pater
Jew
G. V.
Grodiss
N. A.
Frenkel
Jew
A. P.
Formeister
?
A. R.
Dorfman
Jew
F. I.
Sotnikov
?
B. V.
Ginzburg
Jew
I. I.
Ivanov
Jew
V. S.
Baumgart
Jew
I. F.
Yucis
E. G.
Johanson
?
E. I.
Senkevich
E. A.
Vodarsky
Jew
S. A.
Gindin
Jew
A. A.
Abramovich
Jew
M. D.
Bergman
Jew
A. M.
Vienshtien
Jew
V. Y.
Ziedman
Jew
L. M.
Kudrik
Jew
D. Y.
Ziedman
Jew
M. I.
Lebel
Jew
Y. F.
Volfzon
Jew
I. V.
Putilik
Jew
Y. M.
Dyment
Jew
K. A.
Goldshtien
Jew
G. Y.
Abrampolsky
Jew
M. F.
Goskin
Jew
I. G.
Vaitsman
Jew
M. S.
Kurin
Jew
M. M.
Vaitsman
Jew
M. S.
Iezuitov
Jew

 POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE RED ARMY 
CHIEF:
Y. B.
Gamarnik
Jew
His assistants:

Ozol
Jew

A. S.
Bulin
Jew
Chiefs of Sectors:

Roset
Jew


Rudzit




Inspectors:



Berlin
Jew

Politman
Jew
Raskin
Jew
I.
Greenberg
Jew
Reichman
Jew
A.
Katnelson
Jew




Chiefs of Political Administration:

Far Easter Army:
L. N.
Aronshtam
Jew
Ukrainian Military District:

Amelin
Jew
Far Eastern Fleet:

Bulyshkin
Black Sea Fleet:

Gugin
Jew
Transcaucasian Aviation:
N. N.
Gents
Jew
The Volga Aviation:
A. V.
Veltner
Jew
Baltic Fleet:

Rabinovich
Jew
The Volga Military District:

Mezis
Jew
North Caucasian Military District:
Shifres
Jew

CENTRAL COUNCIL OF MILITANT ATHEIST UNION 
CHAIRMAN:
Y.
Yaroslavsky (Goublemann)
Jew
His deputy:
A.
Lukachevsky
?
Personnel Training Department:

Chief:
D.
Mikhnevich
?




Agitation of Masses and Anti-Religious Work Department:

Chief:

Kefala
Jew




Department of Anti-Religious Studies in Schools:

Chief:
M.
Iskinsky
Jew
  
DEPARTMENT OF ANTI-RELIGIOUS LITERATURE 
CHAIRMAN:
M.
Yakoviev (Ephstein)
Jew




Department of International Upbringing:

Chief:
I.
Intsertov
Jew




Department of Anti-Religious Work in the Army:

Chief:
G.
Strukov (Blokh)
Jew




Department of Scientific Research:

Chief:
L.
Lukachevsky
Jew




Museum of Anti-Religious Struggle:

Chief:
U.
Kohan
Jew
  
MOST PROMINENT MEMBERS OF THE ATHEIST UNION 
G.
Ailderman
Jew
M. M.
Sheinman
Jew
F.
Saifi
Jew
V.
Dorfman
Jew
A.
Minkin
Jew
U. M.
Vermel
Jew
S.
Mitin
Jew
M.
Altshuler
Jew

Raltsevich
Jew
K.
Berkovsky
Jew
V.
Kozlinsky
Jew
M.
Percits
Jew
A.
Ranovich
Jew
S.
Volfzon
Jew
A.
Kozlovsky
Jew
D. I.
Zilberberg
Jew
U.
Ganf
Jew
I.
Greenberg
Jew

Klintch
Jew
A.
Shliter
Jew

CULTURE AND EDUCATION 
CHIEF OF CINEMATOGRAPHIC INDUSTRY:



B. Z.
Shumiatsky
Jew






Scientific worker:
Y. G.
Tager
Jew






Prominent workers:



L. Z.
Trauberg
Jew
G. Y.
Roshel
Jew
V. S.
Iosilevich
Jew
M.
Kaufman
Jew
L. G.
Katsnelson
Jew
M. P.
Schneiderman
Jew
Y. N.
Blekh
Jew
A. P.
Shternberg
Jew
S. M.
Eizenstein
Jew
A. G.
Greenberg
Jew
  
PRESS 
EDITORS:



“Economicheskaia Zhisn”

Veisberg
Jew
“Pravda”
M.
Saveliv
Jew
“Za Industrializatsiyu”

Tall
Jew
“Krestianskaia Gazeta”
S. B.
Uritsky
Jew
“Ogonioc”
M.
Koltsov (Ginzburg)
Jew
“Komsomolskaia Ukraina”
M.
Minain
Jew
“Tikhookeanskaia Zvezda”
I.
Shatsky
Jew
“Vodnyl Transport”
M.
Tsekhar
Jew
“Krasnaia Zvezda”
M.M.
Landa
Jew
“Komsomolskaia Pravda”
V. M.
Bubeken
Jew
“Bakinsky Rabochyi”
N. K.
Belyi
Jew
“Worker’s Way”
S.
Sheidlin
Jew
“Worker”
L.
Khaifets
Jew
  
EDUCATION 
An overwhelming number of Soviet professors, teachers and even head of universities were of Jewish nationality. They are not listed here for lack of space. It would take too many pages to list them all. Instead, their number is given on percentage basis for the country as a whole on the following page under the heading “statistics” listed as “scientific workers”.
The special communist universities, schools, etc., as a rule, were filled with Jewish teachers. For example, the Western Communist University of National Minorities, which trained propagandists specializing in foreign politics, was headed by Rector Frumkin; Rector I. G. Raiter was the head of Communist University of Eastern Workers.
 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 
COMMISSAR:
V.
Kaminsky
Jew
Chief Administrator of the Kremlin Hospital:
Y.
Levinson
Jew
Head Doctor of the Kremlin Hospital:
M.
Kroll
Jew
His deputy:
B.
Kohan
Jew
Doctor:
L.
Levin
Jew
STATISTICS 
According to the 1959 census the population of the USSR was 208.828.000. Of this 2.268.000 were Jews.
In USSR the Jews make up 11 per cent of all scientific workers; 10,4 per cent jurists (procurators, judges, lawyers); 14,7 per cent of all Soviet doctors; 8,5 per cent writers and journalists; 7 per cent art workers (actors, artists, musicians, sculptors).
Jewish population of the USSR constitutes 1,1 per cent of the country’s population. Is it possible to speak of discrimination against the Jews under such circumstances?
SUMMARY 
Central Committee of ACP (b)
Jews 61
Non-Jews 17
Unknown 7



Council of People’s Commissars
Jews 115
Non-Jews 18
Unknown 3



Central Union of Consumer Societies
Jews 7
Non-Jews 1
Unknown 4



Procurator’s Office
Jews 4
Non-Jews 2
Unknown —



Commissariats: Foreign Affairs and Trade
Jews 106
Non-Jews 17
Unknown 8



State Planning Commission
Jews 12
Non-Jews 3
Unknown —



All-Russian Central Executive Committee
Jews 17
Non-Jews 3
Unknown 2



Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD)
Jews 53
Non-Jews 6
Unknown 8



Political Administration of the Red Army
Jews 20
Non-Jews 1
Unknown 1



Culture, Education and Union of Militant Atheists
Jews 40
Non-Jews —
Unknown 1



Press: Editors of newspapers
Jews 12
Non-Jews —
Unknown —


Epilogue
The age old conflict between the native population of various countries and states and the Jewish ethnic groups finding themselves in the territories of these nations is well known. 
Until the middle of the Nineteenth Century, this conflict was called "Judaeophobia" (now "anti-Semitism"), which hindered and is still hindering a peaceful and fruitful co-existence between Jews and non-Jews. This conflict used to manifest itself with special distinction in the countries and states where a considerable Jewish population resided — nations in which Jews were considered "subjects".
At the beginning of the Twentieth Century, Russia had within its borders six million Jews whose views and values, sense of justice and their concept were alien to the native population. The Jewish group lived its own secluded life, unwilling to assimilate with the surrounding population in spite of any possibilities created by the Russian Government to achieve this end, as stated in this sketch.
It is this isolationist Jewish tendency, interwoven with their “spiritual aspect” that has given the impetus to this conflict. The entire blame for this is placed successfully upon the Russian people and all its governments and regimes, accusing them of "anti-Semitism". How valid these accusations are is explained to a sufficient degree in this sketch.
This, however, does not prevent the spread of the calumny of oppression and persecution of the Jews in Russia-USSR. This in turn, stirs up sharp negative attitudes toward the Russian people in the rest of the world, creating and feeding anti-Russian feelings in international relations.
Calumny bears its fruits. It is believed without proven evidence or even an effort to verify them, how just and valid these accusations are. Without proof or trial, the entire Russian population is blamed and condemned. Not only the Russians but also other nationalities and tribes native to that country are accused of this "oppression and persecution" of the Jews. Few took the trouble to listen to the accused, a practice elementary to any court of law, even in the most oppressed societies.
How did the accused respond to this condemnation without trial? The accused is the entire population of Russia — USSR, represented at present by the party and the Government of the USSR, as well as the "Foreign Russians" with numerous national and patriotic church organizations leaders. Did the accused respond in any way? No! It remained silent.
There is no secret why this silence exists in response to the calumny.
The USSR does not involve itself in this question, because such involvement inevitably would lead to the resounding revelation of the rôle the Jewish people played in creating the framework of Soviet Power which liquidated the cultural elite of pre-revolutionary Russia; the conclusion of the shameful Brest-Litovsk Treaty; the organization of concentration camps and "Red Terror", and subsequent Jewish dominance in all spheres of life for thirty-five years.
Even the Russian emigrants do not involve themselves with, or even broach this subject, fearing to be accused of "anti-Semitism". This is an all-consuming dread that almost every Russian emigrant fears.
As a result, the calumny, without being counteracted, feeds and grows strong.
The silence of those who should refute this injustice gives food to all the enemies of multinational Russia. Their silence is acknowledged as an admission of guilt and confirmation of these accusations.
To break the silence, "to rub salt into the wound", and truthfully elucidate the ticklish question of the Jewish condition and their rôle in Russia and in USSR, is the purpose of this sketch. To answer the distortions of truth made and the perversions indulged in by one party and contributed to by the blatant silence of the other is my aim.
As a son of the Triune Russian people, Ukrainian-Malorussian by origin, representative of that generation which had the destiny to participate in these events, these upheavals, and to witness the indignation suffered by all silent partners to this injustice, I consider it my duty and obligation to the future to reveal the truth, as I have done in this book.
I firmly believe that the time will come when impartial researchers, free from fear of being accused of "anti-Semitism", will be able to give a much more complete and detailed account of the life of the Jewish ethnic group in Russia, and the USSR, and of its influence on all spheres of life of that great power created by the Russian people. When this occurs, I hope my modest, far from complete sketch, will prove useful.
* * *
In conclusion, I offer my thanks to all those Russian emigrants who responded to my article, "Calumny About Our People"', published in 1964 in the several émigré organs of the press, and who sent me valuable advice, suggestions, documents and data, and upheld me morally and materially in my endeavors.
In the event a second edition of this book is published, which, at present, due to lack of means is printed in limited numbers, and also in the event of the translation of this work, in full or in part, in any foreign language, I appeal to the readers to send me their opinions on the content and validity of my account, as well as any suggestions for additions, omissions, or more precise elucidation, on any aspect of this effort.
Andrey Diky

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