The Federal Reserve Cartel: Freemasons and The House of Rothschild
by Dean Henderson – Global Research June 8, 2011
Part two of a four-part series
In 1789 Alexander Hamilton became the
first Treasury Secretary of the United States. Hamilton was one of many
Founding Fathers who were Freemasons. He had close relations with the
Rothschild family which owns the Bank of England and leads the European
Freemason movement. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay,
Ethan Allen, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, John Brown and Roger Sherman
were all Masons.
Roger Livingston helped Sherman and
Franklin write the Declaration of Independence. He gave George
Washington his oaths of office while he was Grand Master of the New York
Grand Lodge of Freemasons. Washington himself was Grand Master of the
Virginia Lodge. Of the General Officers in the Revolutionary Army,
thirty-three were Masons. This was highly symbolic since 33rd Degree
Masons become Illuminated. [1]
Populist founding fathers led by John
Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Thomas Paine- none of whom
were Masons- wanted to completely severe ties with the British Crown,
but were overruled by the Masonic faction led by Washington, Hamilton
and Grand Master of the St. Andrews Lodge in Boston General Joseph
Warren, who wanted to “defy Parliament but remain loyal to the Crown”.
St. Andrews Lodge was the hub of New World Masonry and began issuing
Knights Templar Degrees in 1769. [2]
All US Masonic lodges are to this day
warranted by the British Crown, whom they serve as a global intelligence
and counterrevolutionary subversion network. Their most recent
initiative is the Masonic Child Identification Program (CHIP).
According to Wikipedia, the CHIP programs allow parents the opportunity
to create a kit of identifying materials for their child, free of
charge. The kit contains a fingerprint card, a physical description, a
video, computer disk, or DVD of the child, a dental imprint, and a DNA
sample.
The First Continental Congress convened
in Philadelphia in 1774 under the Presidency of Peyton Randolph, who
succeeded Washington as Grand Master of the Virginia Lodge. The Second
Continental Congress convened in 1775 under the Presidency of Freemason
John Hancock. Peyton’s brother William succeeded him as Virginia Lodge
Grand Master and became the leading proponent of centralization and
federalism at the First Constitutional Convention in 1787. The
federalism at the heart of the US Constitution is identical to the
federalism laid out in the Freemason’s Anderson’s Constitutions of 1723.
William Randolph became the nation’s first Attorney General and
Secretary of State under George Washington. His family returned to
England loyal to the Crown. John Marshall, the nation’s first Supreme
Court Justice, was also a Mason. [3]
When Benjamin Franklin journeyed to
France to seek financial help for American revolutionaries, his meetings
took place at Rothschild banks. He brokered arms sales via
German Mason Baron von Steuben. His Committees of Correspondence
operated through Freemason channels and paralleled a British spy
network. In 1776 Franklin became de facto Ambassador to France. In 1779 he became Grand Master of the French Neuf Soeurs
(Nine Sisters) Lodge, to which John Paul Jones and Voltaire belonged.
Franklin was also a member of the more secretive Royal Lodge of
Commanders of the Temple West of Carcasonne, whose members included
Frederick Prince of Whales. While Franklin preached temperance in the
US, he cavorted wildly with his Lodge brothers in Europe. Franklin
served as Postmaster General from the 1750’s to 1775 – a role
traditionally relegated to British spies. [4]
With Rothschild financing Alexander
Hamilton founded two New York banks, including Bank of New York. [5] He
died in a gun battle with Aaron Burr, who founded Bank of Manhattan
with Kuhn Loeb financing. Hamilton exemplified the contempt which the
Eight Families hold towards common people, once stating, “All
communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are
the rich and the well born, the others the mass of the people…The people
are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge and determine right.
Give therefore to the first class a distinct, permanent share of
government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second.”[6]
Hamilton was only the first in a series
of Eight Families cronies to hold the key position of Treasury
Secretary. In recent times Kennedy Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon
came from Dillon Read (now part of UBS Warburg). Nixon Treasury
Secretaries David Kennedy and William Simon came from Continental
Illinois Bank (now part of Bank of America) and Salomon Brothers (now
part of Citigroup), respectively. Carter Treasury Secretary Michael
Blumenthal came from Goldman Sachs, Reagan Treasury Secretary Donald
Regan came from Merrill Lynch (now part of Bank of America), Bush Sr.
Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady came from Dillon Read (UBS Warburg)
and both Clinton Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin and Bush Jr. Treasury
Secretary Henry Paulson came from Goldman Sachs. Obama Treasury
Secretary Tim Geithner worked at Kissinger Associates and the New York
Fed.
Thomas Jefferson argued that the United
States needed a publicly-owned central bank so that European monarchs
and aristocrats could not use the printing of money to control the
affairs of the new nation. Jefferson extolled, “A country which expects
to remain ignorant and free…expects that which has never been and that
which will never be. There is scarcely a King in a hundred who would
not, if he could, follow the example of Pharaoh – get first all the
people’s money, then all their lands and then make them and their
children servants forever…banking establishments are more dangerous than
standing armies. Already they have raised up a money aristocracy.”
Jefferson watched as the Euro-banking conspiracy to control the United
States unfolded, weighing in, “Single acts of tyranny may be ascribed to
the accidental opinion of the day, but a series of oppressions begun at
a distinguished period, unalterable through every change of ministers,
too plainly prove a deliberate, systematic plan of reducing us to
slavery”. [7[
But the Rothschild-sponsored Hamilton’s
arguments for a private US central bank carried the day. In 1791 the
Bank of the United States (BUS) was founded, with the Rothschilds as
main owners. The bank’s charter was to run out in 1811. Public opinion
ran in favor of revoking the charter and replacing it with a
Jeffersonian public central bank. The debate was postponed as the
nation was plunged by the Euro-bankers into the War of 1812. Amidst a
climate of fear and economic hardship, Hamilton’s bank got its charter
renewed in 1816.
Old Hickory, Honest Abe & Camelot
In 1828 Andrew Jackson took a run at
the US Presidency. Throughout his campaign he railed against the
international bankers who controlled the BUS. Jackson ranted, “You are a
den of vipers. I intend to expose you and by Eternal God I will rout
you out. If the people understood the rank injustices of our money and
banking system there would be a revolution before morning.”
Jackson won the election and revoked
the bank’s charter stating, “The Act seems to be predicated on an
erroneous idea that the present shareholders have a prescriptive right
to not only the favor, but the bounty of the government...for their
benefit does this Act exclude the whole American people from competition
in the purchase of this monopoly. Present stockholders and those
inheriting their rights as successors be established a privileged order,
clothed both with great political power and enjoying immense pecuniary
advantages from their connection with government. Should its influence
be concentrated under the operation of such an Act as this, in the hands
of a self-elected directory whose interests are identified with those
of the foreign stockholders, will there not be cause to tremble for the
independence of our country in war...controlling our currency, receiving
our public monies and holding thousands of our citizens independence,
it would be more formidable and dangerous than the naval and military
power of the enemy. It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful
too often bend the acts of government for selfish purposes...to make the
rich richer and more powerful. Many of our rich men have not been
content with equal protection and equal benefits, but have besought us
to make them richer by acts of Congress. I have done my duty to this
country.”[8]
Populism prevailed and Jackson was
re-elected. In 1835 he was the target of an assassination attempt. The
gunman was Richard Lawrence, who confessed that he was, “in touch with
the powers in Europe”. [9]
Still, in 1836 Jackson refused to renew
the BUS charter. Under his watch the US national debt went to zero for
the first and last time in our nation’s history. This angered the
international bankers, whose primary income is derived from interest
payments on debt. BUS President Nicholas Biddle cut off funding to the
US government in 1842, plunging the US into a depression. Biddle was an
agent for the Paris-based Jacob Rothschild. [10]
The Mexican War was simultaneously
sprung on Jackson. A few years later the Civil War was unleashed, with
London bankers backing the Union and French bankers backing the
South. The Lehman family made a fortune smuggling arms to the south and
cotton to the north. By 1861 the US was $100 million in debt. New
President Abraham Lincoln snubbed the Euro-bankers again, issuing
Lincoln Greenbacks to pay Union Army bills.
The Rothschild-controlled Times of London
wrote, “If that mischievous policy, which had its origins in the North
American Republic, should become indurated down to a fixture, then that
Government will furnish its own money without cost. It will pay off its
debts and be without debt. It will have all the money necessary to
carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous beyond precedent in
the history of the civilized governments of the world. The brains and
the wealth of all countries will go to North America. That government
must be destroyed, or it will destroy every monarchy on the globe.” [11]
The Euro-banker-written Hazard Circular
was exposed and circulated throughout the country by angry populists.
It stated, “The great debt that capitalists will see is made out of the
war and must be used to control the valve of money. To accomplish this
government bonds must be used as a banking basis. We are now awaiting
Secretary of Treasury Salmon Chase to make that recommendation. It will
not allow Greenbacks to circulate as money as we cannot control that.
We control bonds and through them banking issues”.
The 1863 National Banking Act
reinstated a private US central bank and Chase’s war bonds were issued.
Lincoln was re-elected the next year, vowing to repeal the act after he
took his January 1865 oaths of office. Before he could act, he was
assassinated at the Ford Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. Booth had major
connections to the international bankers. His granddaughter wrote This One Mad Act, which details Booth’s contact with “mysterious Europeans” just before the Lincoln assassination.
Following the Lincoln hit, Booth was
whisked away by members of a secret society known as Knights of the
Golden Circle (KGC). KGC had close ties to the French Society of
Seasons, which produced Karl Marx. KGC had fomented much of the tension
that caused the Civil War and President Lincoln had specifically
targeted the group. Booth was a KGC member and was connected through
Confederate Secretary of State Judah Benjamin to the House of
Rothschild. Benjamin fled to England after the Civil War. [12]
Nearly a century after Lincoln was
assassinated for issuing Greenbacks, President John F. Kennedy found
himself in the Eight Families’ crosshairs. Kennedy had announced a
crackdown on off-shore tax havens and proposed increases in tax rates on
large oil and mining companies. He supported eliminating tax loopholes
which benefit the super-rich. His economic policies were publicly
attacked by Fortune magazine, the Wall Street Journal
and both David and Nelson Rockefeller. Even Kennedy’s own Treasury
Secretary Douglas Dillon, who came from the UBS Warburg-controlled
Dillon Read investment bank, voiced opposition to the JFK proposals.
[13]
Kennedy’s fate was sealed in June 1963
when he authorized the issuance of more than $4 billion in United States
Notes by his Treasury Department in an attempt to circumvent the high
interest rate usury of the private Federal Reserve international banker
crowd. The wife of Lee Harvey Oswald, who was conveniently gunned down
by Jack Ruby before Ruby himself was shot, told author A. J. Weberman in
1994, “The answer to the Kennedy assassination is with the Federal
Reserve Bank. Don’t underestimate that. It’s wrong to blame it on
Angleton and the CIA per se only. This is only one finger on the same hand. The people who supply the money are above the CIA”. [14]
Fueled by incoming President Lyndon
Johnson’s immediate escalation of the Vietnam War, the US sank further
into debt. Its citizens were terrorized into silence. If they could
kill the President they could kill anyone.
The House of Rothschild
The Dutch House of Orange founded the
Bank of Amsterdam in 1609 as the world’s first central bank. Prince
William of Orange married into the English House of Windsor, taking King
James II’s daughter Mary as his bride. The Orange Order Brotherhood,
which recently fomented Northern Ireland Protestant violence, put
William III on the English throne where he ruled both Holland and
Britain. In 1694 William III teamed up with the UK aristocracy to
launch the private Bank of England.
The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street- as
the Bank of England is known- is surrounded by thirty foot walls.
Three floors beneath it the third largest stock of gold bullion in the
world is stored. [15]
The Rothschilds and their inbred Eight
Families partners gradually came to control the Bank of England. The
daily London gold “fixing” occurred at the N. M. Rothschild Bank until
2004. As Bank of England Deputy Governor George Blunden put it, “Fear
is what makes the bank’s powers so acceptable. The bank is able to
exert its influence when people are dependent on us and fear losing
their privileges or when they are frightened.”[16]
Mayer Amschel Rothschild sold the
British government German Hessian mercenaries to fight against American
Revolutionaries, diverting the proceeds to his brother Nathan in London,
where N.M. (Nathan and Mayer) Rothschild & Sons was established.
Mayer was a serious student of Cabala and launched his fortune on money
embezzled from William IX- royal administrator of the Hesse-Kassel
region and a prominent Freemason.
Rothschild-controlled Barings
bankrolled the Chinese opium and African slave trades. It financed the
Louisiana Purchase. When several states defaulted on its loans, Barings
bribed Daniel Webster to make speeches stressing the virtues of loan
repayment. The states held their ground, so the House of Rothschild cut
off the money spigot in 1842, plunging the US into a deep depression.
It was often said that the wealth of the Rothschilds depended on the
bankruptcy of nations. Mayer Amschel Rothschild once said, “I care not
who controls a nation’s political affairs, so long as I control her
currency”.
War didn’t hurt the family fortune
either. The House of Rothschild financed the Prussian War, the Crimean
War and the British attempt to seize the Suez Canal from the French.
Nathan Rothschild made a huge financial bet on Napoleon at the Battle of
Waterloo, while also funding the Duke of Wellington’s peninsular
campaign against Napoleon. Both the Mexican War and the Civil War were goldmines for the family.
One Rothschild family biography
mentions a London meeting where an “International Banking Syndicate”
decided to pit the American North against the South as part of a “divide
and conquer” strategy. German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck once
stated, “The division of the United States into federations of equal
force was decided long before the Civil War. These bankers were afraid
that the United States…would upset their financial domination over the
world. The voice of the Rothschilds prevailed.” Rothschild biographer
Derek Wilson says the family was the official European banker to the US
government and strong supporters of the Bank of the United States. [17]
Family biographer Niall Ferguson notes a
“substantial and unexplained gap” in private Rothschild correspondence
between 1854-1860. He says all copies of outgoing letters written by
the London Rothschilds during this Civil War period “were destroyed at
the orders of successive partners”. [18]
French and British troops had, at the
height of the Civil War, encircled the US. The British sent 11,000
troops to Crown-controlled Canada, which gave safe harbor to Confederate
agents. France’s Napoleon III installed Austrian Hapsburg family
member Archduke Maximilian as his puppet emperor in Mexico, where French
troops massed on the Texas border. Only an 11th-hour deployment of two
Russian warship fleets by US ally Czar Alexander II in 1863 saved the
United States from re-colonization. [19]
That same year the Chicago Tribune
blasted, “Belmont (August Belmont was a US Rothschild agent and had a
Triple Crown horse race named in his honor) and the Rothschilds…who have
been buying up Confederate war bonds.”
Salmon Rothschild said of a deceased
President Lincoln, “He rejects all forms of compromise. He has the
appearance of a peasant and can only tell barroom stories.” Baron Jacob
Rothschild was equally flattering towards the US citizenry. He once
commented to US Minister to Belgium Henry Sanford on the over half a
million Americans who died during the Civil War, “When your patient is
desperately sick, you try desperate measures, even to bloodletting.”
Salmon and Jacob were merely carrying forth a family tradition. A few
generations earlier Mayer Amschel Rothschild bragged of his investment
strategy, “When the streets of Paris are running in blood, I buy”. [20]
Mayer Rothschild’s sons were known as
the Frankfurt Five. The eldest – Amschel – ran the family’s Frankfurt
bank with his father, while Nathan ran London operations. Youngest son
Jacob set up shop in Paris, while Salomon ran the Vienna branch and Karl
was off to Naples. Author Frederick Morton estimates that by 1850 the
Rothschilds were worth over $10 billion. [21] Some researchers believe
that their fortune today exceeds $100 trillion.
The Warburgs, Kuhn Loebs, Goldman
Sachs, Schiffs and Rothschilds have intermarried into one big happy
banking family. The Warburg family- which controls Deutsche Bank and
BNP- tied up with the Rothschilds in 1814 in Hamburg, while
Kuhn Loeb powerhouse Jacob Schiff shared quarters with Rothschilds in
1785. Schiff immigrated to America in 1865. He joined forces with
Abraham Kuhn and married Solomon Loeb’s daughter. Loeb and Kuhn married
each others sisters and the Kuhn Loeb dynasty was consummated. Felix
Warburg married Jacob Schiff’s daughter. Two Goldman daughters married
two sons of the Sachs family, creating Goldman Sachs. In 1806 Nathan
Rothschild married the oldest daughter of Levi Barent Cohen, a leading
financier in London. [22] Thus, Merrill Lynch super-bull Abby Joseph
Cohen and Clinton Secretary of Defense William Cohen are likely
descended from Rothschilds.
Today the Rothschild’s control a
far-flung financial empire, which includes majority stakes in most world
central banks. The Edmond de Rothschild clan owns the Banque Privee SA in Lugano, Switzerland and the Rothschild Bank AG of Zurich. The family of Jacob Lord Rothschild owns the powerful Rothschild Italia
in Milan. They are founding members of the exclusive $10 trillion Club
of the Isles – which controls corporate giants Royal Dutch Shell,
Imperial Chemical Industries, Lloyds of London, Unilever, Barclays,
Lonrho, Rio Tinto Zinc, BHP Billiton and Anglo American DeBeers. It
dominates the world supply of petroleum, gold, diamonds, and many other
vital raw materials. [23]
The Club of the Isles provides capital
for George Soros’ Quantum Fund NV – which made substantial financial
gains in 1998-99 following the collapse of currencies of Thailand,
Indonesia and Russia. Soros was a major shareholder at George W. Bush’s
Harken Energy. The Club of Isles is led by the Rothschilds and
includes Queen Elizabeth II and other wealthy European aristocrats
and Nobility.[24]
Perhaps the largest repository for
Rothschild wealth today is Rothschilds Continuation Holdings AG – a
secretive Swiss-based bank holding company. By the late 1990s scions of
the Rothschild global empire were Barons Guy and Elie de Rothschild in
France and Lord Jacob and Sir Evelyn Rothschild in Britain. [25]
Evelyn was chairman of the Economist and a director at DeBeers and IBM UK.
Jacob backed Arnold Schwarzenegger’s
California gubernatorial campaign. He took control of Khodorkovsky’s
YUKOS oil shares just before the Russian government arrested him. In
2010 Jacob joined Rupert Murdoch in a shale oil extraction partnership
in Israel through Genie Energy – a subsidiary of IDT Corporation. [26]
Within months, Sarah Palin had hired
former IDT executive Michael Glassner as her chief of staff. [27] Is
Palin the Rothschild choice in 2012?
Notes
[1] The Temple & the Lodge. Michael Bagent & Richard Leigh. Arcade Publishing. New York. 1989. p.259
[2] Ibid. p.219
[3] Ibid. p.253
[4] Ibid. p.233
[5] The Robot’s Rebellion: The Story of the Spiritual Renaissance. David Icke. Gateway Books. Bath, UK. 1994. p.156
[6] Democracy for the Few. Michael Parenti. St. Martin’s Press. New York. 1977. p.51
[7] Fourth Reich of the Rich. Des Griffin. Emissary Publications. Pasadena, CA. 1978. p.171
[8] Ibid. p.173
[9] Rule by Secrecy: The Hidden History that Connects the Trilateral Commission, the Freemasons and the Great Pyramids. Jim Marrs. HarperCollins Publishers. New York. 2000. p.68
[10] The Secrets of the Federal Reserve. Eustace Mullins. Bankers Research Institute. Staunton, VA. 1983. p.179
[11] Human Race Get Off Your Knees: The Lion Sleeps No More. David Icke. David Icke Books Ltd. Isle of Wight. UK. 2010. p.92
[12] Marrs. p.212
[13] Idid. p.139
[14] Ibid p.141
[15] Icke. The Robot’s Rebellion. p.114
[16] Ibid. p.181
[17] Rothschild: The Wealth and Power of a Dynasty. Derek Wilson. Charles Schribner’s Sons. New York. 1988. p.178
[18] The House of Rothschild. Niall Ferguson. Viking Press New York 1998 p.28
[19] Marrs. p.215
[20] Ibid
[21] “What You Didn’t Know about Taxes and the Crown”. Mark Owen. Paranoia. #41. Spring 2006. p.66
[22] Marrs. p.63
[23] “The Coming Fall of the House of Windsor”. The New Federalist. 1994
[24] “The Secret Financial Network Behind ‘Wizard’ George Soros”. William Engdahl. Executive Intelligence Review. 11-1-96
[25] Marrs. p.86
[26] “Murdoch, Rothschild Invest in Israeli Oil Shale”. Jerusalem Post. November 22, 2010
[27] “Sarah Palin hires chief of staff for PAC”, Huffington Post. February 2011
Dean Henderson is the author of
Big Oil & Their Bankers in the Persian Gulf: Four Horsemen, Eight
Families & Their Global Intelligence, Narcotics & Terror Network
and The Grateful Unrich: Revolution in 50 Countries. His Left Hook blog is at www.deanhenderson.wordpress.com
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