An Exact Classical Mechanics leads toward Quantum Gravitation - A foreword to show why this derivation was required (added September 9, 2005)
Some critical correspondence originating from a dialogue on the
"BBC Science and the Séance"
message board has shown that an introduction to the theory called
"Exact Classical Mechanics" (ECM) is required. What was omitted was the
reason for the derivation of this theory. This reason is actually
provided in the copy of "Consciousness as a Sub-Quantum Phenomenon"
(CSQP) also available on the website of the Campaign for Philosophical
Freedom. The brief summary I now provide ought to have been included in
the introduction so that the rest makes sense.
Cosmologists are, to this day, still struggling, unsuccessfully, to solve the problem of the "cosmological constant"
(CC) that arises from big bang theory as the prediction of a universe
expanding at a rate 10^120 times greater than is possible. ECM theory
was developed to provide a solution and does so very successfully. The
logical basis can be summarised as follows:
The quantum level of reality is based on wave
mechanics in which sub-atomic particles sometimes behave like little
billiard balls bouncing off one another (particle nature) and sometimes
act like waves spread over a large volume of space. This is known as
"wave-particle duality". A so-called "quantum vacuum" exists as a
seething mass of "virtual particles" - so-named because each keeps
popping out of nothing to vanish again shortly afterwards. On this basis
accurate predictions emerge for the nature of electrodynamics (QED) and
nuclear phenomena QCD as explained very lucidly by the late Richard
Feynman in his book QED. The quantum vacuum seems to have superseded the
old "ether" as the ultimate background medium.
The solution for the CC demanded that neither of
these are the ultimate levels of reality. Instead they are regarded as
emergent from a deeper and ultimate level of reality that is truly real:
the basis of all that exists. To prevent confusion with the old ether
or aether, which had now to be considered emergent, this was called
"i-ther". This was required to provide the organised waves needed at the
quantum level: waves whose nature or source is not even considered in
quantum theory. The i-ther could not be based on wave mechanics since
then an even deeper level would then have been required to make its
waves. An unsatisfactory infinite regression would be implied.
The most probable basis applicable was chosen as a
slightly revised Newton's classical mechanics. This needed to obtain at
both the i-ther and macroscopic levels with the quantum level
sandwiched in between. Einstein's relativity theories could not be used
since the observer was assumed as the "frame of reference" making it
incompatible with both the existence of any background medium and the
concept of kinetic energy. This is why ECM theory was required. If it
could be shown to replicate the achievements of relativity theory at the
macroscopic scale then strong justification for its validity at the
level of i-ther could be claimed, especially if it also led to a
solution no other theory could provide. The ECM theory achieves these
aims.
It is encouraging that the Cambridge physicist,
Professor Stephen Adler, has copied this lead in his book, "Quantum
Theory as an Emergent Phenomenon" published in May 2004 by Cambridge
University Press. The synopsis contains the phrase:
"quantum theory is not a complete final theory, but is in fact an emergent phenomenon arising from a deeper level of dynamics. The dynamics at this deeper level are taken to be an extension of classical dynamics...."
This must surely add considerably to the
credibility of ECM and its application that had appeared by 1990 in my
book (6) Intelligence Behind the Universe and its inclusion in Russian
conference proceedings (9) of 1991.
ECM theory is used to provide a solution to the
creation problem. To permit pure creation from the void of zero energy
the i-ther had to exist as a mixture of real particles, to be called
"primaries", some made of positive energy but with the remainder made of
a negative kind, the latter defined by interchanging the forces of
"action" and "reaction" in Newton's laws. Then the two forms could
mutually annihilate to leave nothing. Pure creation could then be
permitted as the converse case. Published in Russia in 1993 (Pearson 10)
Creation required both positive and negative
primaries to be made of the arithmetic sum of two kinds of energy: rest
energy and kinetic energy. As shown in CSQP, when pairs collide, as a
result of the conservation of momentum (actually and more basically due
to the force of action on one being equal and opposite that on the
other) the kinetic energies of both increase in equal and opposite
amounts so that the sum of the gains is zero, so complying with the law
of conservation of energy. The result is a flaw-free theory for creation
but gives an excessive creation rate. Fortunately as densities increase
instability is predicted since the entire fluid so formed, can self
organise into microscopic flow cells, of lower energy, in which
primaries converge to a point or line at the centre of each cell. Here
the conservation of momentum dictates annihilation instead of creation
and this provides the solution for the CC problem.
The i-ther now appears as a tangle of solid-like
filaments and blobs where annihilation proceeds. These have a fine mesh
even compared with the size of sub-atomic particles, so that nothing
except the fluid component of primaries could move. At first matter in
motion seems disallowed and would be if sub-atomic particles were real
little objects travelling along. However, the tangle of filaments and
blobs can be arranged to look like neural networks similar to those of
our brains and the theory shows the net would then be able to provide
power in the form of organised waves.
Now chaos theory shows that if highly organised
configurations are possible then, in the fullness of time and by the
power of randomness, such configurations will arise. If these also have
the power of replication then the whole flow field can self-organise.
Although a speculative feature of the theory, if
accepted as possible, then the whole of quantum theory and the reason it
has to work on wave mechanics now makes sense. This emergent level now
appears to have been deliberately contrived to make it appear, at the
next emergent macroscopic level, as if large objects can travel, even
though nothing can actually move through the filamentous network.
Sub-atomic particles have to be wave-generated spikes built as sequences
joined end to end in time but not in position. Each new position has to
be specified as probability functions so that each new position is most
likely to be chosen proportional to the square of the amplitudes given
by wave interference patterns. All the properties of each sub-atomic
particle represented need to be carried in the memory banks of i-ther in
a form similar to numbers. Many of these "particle properties" cannot
be real. For example, electrons have an unimaginable double kind of spin
and carry an anomalously high angular momentum that can only be
represented by numbers.
This model provides a highly satisfactory
interpretation for the enigma of wave-particle duality and fits very
well into Richard Feynman's QED and QCD approaches (quantum
electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics the latter relating to the
atomic nucleus). He shows for example that a photon moving from a source
to a mirror jumps about at random though only as a potential of
superpositions of all possible states and does not appear as a real
particle until it hits the mirror. So an ephemeral and non-real quality
is implied.
Also at the quantum level kinetic energies do not
need to be considered real. Indeed, even the four forces of nature no
longer appear real. They now appear as mathematically contrived because
motion is produced like the successive illumination of the pixels on a
TV screen: the pixels do not move at all.
The only inconsistency I found in Feynman's
approach was his use of the "negative coupling" in theories explaining
the mutual attraction between certain particles. Mediators are emitted
from one particle to be absorbed by the other and forces arise due to
momentum exchange. But this only explains repulsion. The negative
coupling is a negative sign that reverses the direction of the forces.
Clearly a gross violation of the law of conservation of momentum is
implied.
However, this serves to augment the case for these
forces being abstract since in this case the inconsistency is of no
consequence. No real forces are needed if the particles are sequences
governed by wave interference patterns.
Even the entire quantum vacuum will now be seen as
a contrived phenomenon. It no longer appears as a seething mass of
virtual particles. They are now better described as abstract ones: just
numbers appearing and vanishing again to provide the effect we describe
as the nuclear forces. The quantum vacuum can therefore flow like a
fluid.
Such a basis permits several universes to coexist,
interpenetrating yet not interfering with one another, but with all of
them supported by a common i-theric reality. This can be effected by
tuning each to a narrow band of matter waves of the quantum.
Survival Physics also appears from this model
since it is clear that our minds can be considered as structures of the
background medium. Then the entire spectrum of so-called "paranormal
phenomena" can readily be found scientific explanation as real effects.
For example, the i-theric mind can tune into one of these parallel
universes at a time for a while and then switch to another. The need no
longer exists for trying to find alternative explanations as delusion or
fraud for psychic phenomena.
This explains why ECM theory needed to be
developed. Since Chapter 4 shows it matches the achievements of
Einstein's general relativity very well, provides a solution that solves
the CC problem and correctly predicts that the expansion of the
universe is in a state of acceleration, it is hoped that the reader will
not try to discredit the approach on grounds that it has not arisen
from any department of physics.
One critic suggested the theory could not explain
non-locality: the phenomenon where two "entangled" particles arise
together and move apart, still behaving as if coupled whatever the
separating distance. ECM on its own is a classical theory and is unable
to address quantum problems. However, the complete theory provides a
mechanism in terms of the filaments. These have a mass density that is
proportional to the sum of opposite energies that are in a state of
mutual annihilation. Consequently their net density is zero or close to
zero. Zero mass density is the condition for the propagation of waves at
infinite speed. So the theory is not wanting in this respect: and no
other mechanism has appeared from any other theory. Hence a very strong
case can be proposed for the validity of Survival Physics of which ECM
is an important feature.
A "quantum-wave theory of gravity" also appears
from the complete solution that fits the experimental observations. It
does not invoke "gravitons". This is the only place any excursion into
quantum theory is made except for a re-interpretation of the vexed
question of wave-particle duality. The mathematics of quantum theory is
not changed in any way. That theory is regarded as fully proven and
satisfactory except for gravity. Since there is no satisfactory theory
of quantum gravity, as yet, this is of no consequence.
Please ignore the "rotating dumbbell" included in
section 2 since this contains features needing modification. This was a
speculative part open to critique and misrepresentation. It was an
attempt to explain by ECM the lifetime increase of cosmic rays that
special relativity predicts as a consequence of "time dilation". Since
now the quantum and macroscopic levels appear as emergent and contrived
it is quite reasonable to consider relativity theory valid at this level
being organised by the i-theric mathematics as a slight modification of
the ECM operating at the level of i-ther.
=============
No comments:
Post a Comment