SECONDARY CASES
These borderline cases have some characteristics in common with those of the
main chronology. In each case a definite E-M effect was reported. In seven of
the nine cases some aerial phenomenon did coincide with the E-M effect (i.
e., flashes of light, glows, etc). In the other two cases distinct UFOs were
seen, but it could not be determined that they coincided with the E-M effects
reported nearby.
a.
July 20, 1952: Cumberland, Maryland.
Engineer reported unusual type, of TV interference. Occurred within a few
hours of the famous Washington UFO sightings all over the D. C.-Virginia
area, including radar trackings by CAA.
b.
Jan. 21, 1957: Bristol, England,
TV pictures disrupted and noise heard on audio; same time as firey light in
sky with rays running through it.
c.
Jan. 27, 1957: Glendora, California.
Unexplained power failure. Two UFOs reported same night in general area.
d.
May 7, 1957: New York City. TV disrupted, citizens
complained about low-flying "aircraft. " Commercial test plane
blamed, but Air Force reported several unidentified blips on radar.
e.
Sept. 1, 1957: LeMars, Iowa.
Car motor and headlights failed (as flash of light seen in sky).
f.
Nov. 2 or 3, 1957: Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Car motor and headlights failed twice (as UFO skeptic saw flashes of light in
the sky). Blamed on "Static atmosphere. "
g.
Nov. 28, 1957: Hakalau, Hawaii.
Car motor failed, driver felt numb (as bright flash of light seen in sky
about 20 feet above highway ahead of car).
h.
Dec. 1. 1957: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Telephone lines affected by odd noise (as numerous red lights observed in
Sky).
i.
Dec. 7, 1959: Bangor, Maine.
Airport runway lights went out. (Airliner circling over field reported
unexplained blinding glow around plane.)
(193)
(194)
(195)
(196)
Statistics Based on the 81 Cases in the Main
Chronology
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table
I. Equipment Affected
|
|
Table
II. Automobiles (43 cases)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ground
Vehicles (Autos 43, Others 6)
|
49
|
Motor
Only
|
12
|
|
Radio,
TV (Excluding auto radios)
|
16
|
Radio
Only
|
7
|
|
Aircraft
|
7
|
Lights
Only
|
3
|
|
(Engines 2, engines & lights 1, radio 3, and Radar 1)
|
|
Motor
& Lights
|
15
|
|
Building
Lights
|
7
|
Motor
& Radio
|
3
|
|
Other
|
2
|
Motor,
Radio & Lights
|
1
|
|
Total
|
81
|
Other
|
2
|
|
|
|
Total
|
43
|
|
|
|
Motor: 31 cases, Lights 19
|
|
|
|
|
and Radio cases: 13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A NOTE ON THE QUESTION OF CAUSE AND EFFECT
One of the better examples of electromagnetic (E-M) effects apparently caused
by a UFO is the case of the sightings near Levelland, Texas,
November 2-3, 1957. In a period of about three hours, the sheriff's office in
Levelland received dozens of calls from excited people who had seen flashing
lights in the sky. In addition, more than 15 calls were received from people
who had actually seen a distinct UFO, and all 15 descriptions were remarkably
similar. Four of the 15 also reported that the motors and lights of the car
or truck they were riding in at the time had failed at the approach of the
UFO. When the UFO retreated, the lights came back on and the engines could be
started again. Patrolman A. J. Fowler said: "They seemed to agree that
this something was 200 feet long, shaped like an egg and lit up like it was
on fire--but looked more like neon lights." Coincidence and
hallucination must be ruled out when more than 15 people at different
locations but in the same general area give identical descriptions of
something which they have just seen. The four who reported engine and light failure
also described their experiences in the same way. There can be little doubt
that a UFO was seen and did cause engines and lights to fail.
A direct cause and effect relationship is also apparent in the following
cases: 15, 18, 25, 29, 64, 65, and 75.
ENGINE-FAILURE CASES
This study comprises 27 cases of the failure of engines during UFO sightings
in the United States, France, Italy,
South America, and Hawaii.
It is interesting to note that not only automobiles and trucks were affected,
but also the electrical systems of a motorcycle and a tractor. Also worthy of
mention is the fact that a Diesel tractor driving alongside a conventional
tractor with electrical ignition was not affected while the conventional tractor
was stalled.
Studying these occurrences also refutes the skeptic's explanation that some
people, seeing something which they fail to recognize right away, become
nervous and are the very cause themselves of the stalled engine. In nine cases,
the engine stalled and the drivers did not spot the UFO until the vehicle had
come to a dead stop. Some puzzled drivers only sighted the strange appearance
in the sky as they raised the hood to inspect the motor of their stalled
vehicle.
From these 27 cases there seems to be a definite sequence to the disturbances
of the electrical systems of vehicles: First the motor stops, then the
headlights go out. In a few of these cases where the car was equipped
(197)
with a radio playing at the
time of the UFO appearance, the radio was the first to show signs of
disturbance either by emitting static or by fading.
In many of these instances the UFO appeared to be at a low altitude and quite
near, though its performance was not uniform. Altitudes of the UFOs,
unfortunately seldom reported with much accuracy, were estimated to be from
zero (sitting on the ground) to approximately 200 feet. Distance of the
stalled driver from the UFO also is very approximate since many reports do
not give the vaguest estimate of distance. The estimates given in these cases
ranged from 100 feet to 2 miles away, either straight ahead of the car or off
to one side.
In all these instances as the UFO vanished in the distance either straight
away or angling up, the lights came back on, engines started easily, and
radios resumed playing. Oddly enough in a few instances the batteries were
steaming, apparently having been short-circuited somehow.
FAILURE OF AUTOMOBILE HEADLIGHTS AND OTHER
LIGHTS
This study is based on 26 instances of the failure of lights during the
sighting of a UFO. Twenty-one of these were automobile lights. In 19
instances the engines failed at the same time, and in two instances only the
lights were affected. The lights failed a few second's before any UFO was
sighted in seven cases, a few seconds after a UFO was sighted in ten cases.
The other light failures occurred simultaneously with UFO sightings.
The UFOs associated with the instances of light failure sometimes were seen
to have a definite shape, and sometimes appeared only as a source of light.
The usual shape reported was elliptical or circular.
In 17 cases colors were
mentioned:
blue
2
red
5
green
3 orange-yellow
3
white
3
multi-colored 1
In eleven of the 26 cases of light failure, the associated UFO was reported
to be either on or near the ground (estimated altitudes of 300 feet or less).
A particularly interesting case of house lights being affected happened in Bedford, Indiana,
August 25, 1955. A woman (with a companion) driving home neared her house in
which the living room lights had been left on. A UFO, white with a black
streak through the center, was seen hovering near the house. As the UFO
pulsated, the house lights dimmed and brightened in unison with the glow of
the UFO. The frightened women drove back down town to wait on their husbands,
and when they returned together the UFO was gone.
An intriguing aspect of the light-failure cases, which cropped up in at least
two instances, was the failure of searchlights or spotlights after they were
shown on the UFO.
RADIO-TELEVISION INTERFERENCE
Of 23 cases studied, 17 involved radio interference and 6 involved TV
interference. In one instance both the radio of a police patrol car and the
TV sets in the area were affected by static and blackouts.
The types of interference
were of four basic kinds:
(1) Instrument went dead. (3) Static heard.
(2) Signals picked up.
(4) Volume
diminished and decreased.
In many of the TV cases the words "TV interference" are used and it
is not stated specifically whether the video, audio, or both were affected.
The radio cases are generally more specific as to the type of interference.
In all of these cases the UFO was generally described as being low--from a
few feet above the ground to an estimated 50 feet altitude; also very
(198)
close to the affected
vehicle or building, the range being estimated from "just a few
feet" to 100 feet away. Unfortunately, many reports are vague or
incomplete in respect to these figures, and when estimates are ventured they
must be accepted as approximations since the size of the UFO is unknown.
As for performance of the UFO at the time of the disturbance, it varied from
"jet speed" to "hovering." Some instances of swooping
down and upward curves, as well as level flight, were reported. In two cases
sounds were reported: One described as an explosion, the other as like
"a car engine racing."
The shape of the associated UFOs is problematic because of the lack of
information in these reports. Some descriptions mentioned were: egg-like,
star like, globe, disc, saucer, oval; and others were only light sources.
One case (No. 55) is interesting because campers in Canada had an
ordinary battery-powered portable radio which went dead, whereas their
portable short wave radio received a rapidly modulated single-tone signal on
one frequency only. This is similar to the PAA radio system case (No. 31) in Venezuela in
which Morse-like signals were received on one interference-free frequency. In
the latter case the signals were accompanied by slight
"explosions.” After a stop of 40 seconds, different signals were
received, interrupted by a sound like an aircraft travelling at great speed.
In both instances the equipment was good and the people were well versed in
radio. (The Canadian campers were ham radio operators.) Also, in Texas, station KEVT
heard odd "roaring" static going up and down the scale during a UFO
sighting (No. 4).
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Several of the witnesses who experienced an E-M effect as a UFO was seen
nearby also felt something akin to an electric shock frequently accompanied
by heat. With a few exceptions noted below, this occurred mostly to motorists
inside their vehicles at the same time that their headlights and motors were
affected. In a few cases the motorists reported that they felt paralyzed. The
paralysis, shock, and/or heat was often felt before the UFO, was seen and
before the witnesses had reason to think that anything unusual was going on;
thus these effects can not be attributed to fear or other psychological
causes.
On November 5, 1957, in one of the few cases of this type not involving
motorists, two sentries at Itaipu Fort on the east coast of Brazil felt a
suffocating heat from a UFO which approached the fort causing the whole
electrical system of the fort to fail. A psychological cause is also ruled
out in this case, since the sentries actually suffered severe physical burns.
In one instance a motorist experienced both shock and heat after stepping out
of his car to look at a UFO. A policeman in Williston, Florida,
November 2, 1955, climbed out of his car to investigate a low-flying UFO and
saw it pass about 150 feet over his head. At that moment he felt heat and an
odd stinging sensation which he had never before experienced. He described it
as similar to the numbness felt when a foot "goes to sleep,"
tingling all over.
Eight other cases all involved motorists driving along the highway. Six of
these took place in France
during the month of October 1954. Two others, very similar to the French
cases, were in Peru,
January 1958, and Hawaii,
November 1957. The latter two were reported before the publication of Aime
Michel's book listing the 1954 French cases.
In a typical case (No. 18) a man with his 3-year-old son was driving along at
night when he suddenly felt an "electric shock" over his whole
body, along with increasing heat. The child apparently felt it too because he
began crying. The motor failed and the headlights went out. Only then did a
UFO become
(199)
visible--a brightly lighted
object ahead of the car which soon climbed rapidly away. As soon as the UFO
left, everything returned to normal.
An exceptional case (g) involved a man driving home alone early in the
evening. Suddenly his engine began missing, and then he saw a bright flash of
light about 20 feet above the highway ahead of the car. The motor failed and
the headlights went out. The car's momentum carried it forward to about the
spot where the light had been, at which point the man felt "numb"
and couldn't move for several minutes. Then, he said, the car started up
again by itself while still in high gear (he had not touched the starter),
the lights came back on and the car began to move slowly. Frightened, the man
did not stop to investigate and hurried home.
There was no clear-cut pattern to the physical description of the UFOs seen
when "shocks" were felt. Most of the cases occurred at night and
the UFOs appeared as luminous globular objects whose exact shapes could not
be determined. The colors most frequently mentioned were red and orange.
One definite pattern was found in the performance of the related UFOs when
the "shocks" were felt. In nearly every case the UFOs (1) had just
moved to a position low above the road ahead of the car, or (2) were actually
on the road or next to it ahead of the car. In one such case (No. 15) one UFO
from a formation of four was seen to zig-zag down toward the road ahead of
the car. When about 100 yards away from the descending UFO, the motorist felt
a "shock" and his motor and lights failed. No light could be seen
from the UFO, which apparently had landed, and the man sat in the dark unable
to move. Then the headlights came back on, and in their beam the amazed
motorist saw the UFO skimming away low over the ground. From these cases it
appear that "shocks" are felt only during exceptionally close
approaches.
The data are too skimpy to allow any firm conclusions about the forces
involved in cases of "electric shock, "except that the same forces
which have apparently affected electrical circuits in automobiles and other
vehicles and devices can, at closer range, cause physiological effects on the
human body. It should be noted in passing that, in many cases not involving
electromagnetic effects on vehicles and devices, witnesses standing in the
open have suffered mild skin burns and symptoms of radiation sickness after
being exposed to a UFO low above their heads.
No serious after-effects have been reported in any of the cases involving a
"shock," but the two sentries in the Brazilian Itaipu Fort incident
did suffer serious burns in a closely similar case.
PERFORMANCE
In order to determine the general performance characteristics of the UFOs
during the occurrence of E-M effects, the cases of engine failure, 37 in
number, were taken as a sample. Many of the cases were reported only sketchily
and produced little data of value, but some possibly significant features can
be noted on the basis of this sample.
The colors reported were fairly evenly distributed across the spectrum, with
a slight predominance on the red end of the spectrum. In cases where the UFO
changed colors or showed more than one color, each color reported was listed
separately. Usually, however, there was one predominant color.
Components of Motion
Hovering:
The UFOs were reported to have hovered in at least 11 cases.
Landings:
The UFOs were reported to have been on the ground in at least 11 cases.
Vertical
Motion: The UFOs were reported to have moved vertically in at least 13
cases.
(200)
Of the various categories considered, these three showed a significant
frequency. Other categories were: Circled or maneuvered, passed (without
stopping or maneuvering), continuous straight-line flight, arced, turned. In
6 cases turns were mentioned; fourth in frequency of the components
considered.
Distance and Altitude
Altitude estimated more often than distance. In about 3/4 of the cases in
which an estimate of altitude was given, the UFOs were said to be below 250
feet. All estimates of distance placed the UFOs less than 500 feet
away.
LIMITATIONS OF DATA
Throughout its study of the E-M phenomenon, the Subcommittee has been acutely
aware of the limitations of the data under consideration. It found many
reports to be sketchy and incomplete, and discovered gaps of time during which
no E-M cases apparently were reported. The gaps, however, are believed to be
directly related to the lack of investigation and inadequacy of news
reporting at certain times. Ridicule by the press and various officials has
lead to periods of sparse news coverage, though UFOs still were reported to
NICAP and other organizations.
In its search of the literature on E-M reports, the Subcommittee was able to
find only eight cases which occurred before the rash of E-M cases in France during
1954. Only four of these were reported at the time they occurred. One of
these was the June 24, 1947, sighting in Portland, Oregon,
by prospector Fred Johnson. Johnson reported that the dial of his compass was
agitated as five or six disc-shaped objects flew overhead flashing in the
sun. It is interesting that this early E-M case occurred on the same day as
the famous UFO sighting by private pilot Kenneth Arnold, which resulted in
the coining of the term "flying saucer."
Since 1954, recorded E-M cases have been numerous. The French engineer Aime
Michel, in his book Flying Saucers and the Straight Line Mystery has
documented 12 instances of E-M effects experienced in Europe
during the Fall of 1954. Eleven of these were in France during the month of
October. (See Chronology)
Between Fall 1954 and the next comparable period in late 1957, 13 cases were
found. It is probably significant that there was very little UFO publicity in
this period, after the Air Force wrote off UFOs in an official report early
in 1955.
Then in late 1957 a sudden rash of UFO reports from responsible witnesses was
carried on the press wires. Personnel at White Sands Proving Grounds in New Mexico, the crew of the Coast Guard cutter SEBAGO
in the Gulf of Mexico, airline pilots in Louisiana
and Nebraska,
and many others reported UFOs. The press coverage which resulted from this
interesting batch of sightings, the most thorough since 1952, led to the
reporting of hundreds of UFOs within about two months. While the relatively
straightforward reporting continued, many E-M cases were reported. Three E-M
cases in October then 30 E-M cases in November 1957 alone! (See Chronology)
After a few more E-M reports in December 1957, UFO publicity once again died
down. Since January 1958, only 12 E-M cases are known to the Subcommittee.
However, the reports that continue to trickle in even during periods of poor
news coverage are sufficient to suggest that the E-M phenomenon has been
continual throughout the 13 years since the term "flying saucers"
became a part of our vocabulary.
Because the data are not as complete as we should like, we are not able to
state positively that E-M effects are a standard feature of UFO reports.
However, the fact that the two periods in which most E-M cases are known
(201)
(1954 and 1957) correspond
to two periods in which UFOs were well-reported strongly suggests that other
E-M cases have gone unreported in other periods due to ridicule or a
generally unfavorable press. It is important to note that if Aime Michel had
not personally investigated the 1954 cases and published them in a book, they
would be completely unknown in the United States today.
The evidence of E-M effects, sketchy though it may be, is sufficient to
warrant a more thorough investigation of UFOs, and an attempt to learn more
about the E-M phenomenon through deliberate instrumentation for that purpose.
If the following report in the "For the Record" column of National
Review, February 13, 1960, is accurate, the need for investigation of the E-M
phenomenon takes on new importance:
"Investigators sifting
wrecks of recently crashed commercial airliners stumped by the eerie and
unexplained total failure of all electronic equipment in the ill-fated
craft."
(202)
AURORA AND GEOMAGNETIC STORMS
One explanation that has been advanced for E-M effects is that they must be
related to solar activity and resulting "'disturbances of the earth's
magnetic field.
The International Geophysical Year (IGY) world warning system, to enable an
extensive study of the results of solar activity, was in operation during the
last quarter of 1957 when 36 E-M cases occurred. The following information is
taken from IGY Bulletin No. 10, April 1958, published by the National Academy
of Sciences:
"During the first three months of IGY [July, August, September 1957] 14
periods of Alert and 4 SWI (Special World Intervals) were declared by
AGIWARN, the IGY World Warning Agency... During the next three-month period
[October, November, December, 1957], solar activity was in general lower;
only six periods of Alert, totaling 23 days, and two SWI, totaling four days,
were declared. One of the SWI was unsuccessful in that no major solar
disturbance with associated terrestrial effects followed. During the other
SWI a short but relatively severe geomagnetic disturbance took place...
1957
Oct.
14 Alert #11 starts
Nov. 26
SWI #7 starts
Oct.
20 Alert #11 finishes
Moderate magnetic storm starts
Oct.
21 Alert #12
starts
Nov. 27
Magnetic storm finishes
Oct.
22 SWI #6 starts
Alert #14 finishes
Oct.
23 Alert #12 finishes
SWI #7 finishes
SWI #6 finishes
Dec.
15 Alert #15 starts
Nov.
12 Alert #13
starts
Dec.
21 Alert #15 finishes
Nov.
15 Alert #13 finishes
Dec. 26 Alert#16 starts
Nov. 24 Alert #14 Starts Dec. 29 Alert #16 finishes
Nov. 24 Alert #14 Starts Dec. 29 Alert #16 finishes
Thus, it is seen that solar activity was at a minimum during one of the major
outbreaks of UFO sightings and associated electromagnetic effects.
Geomagnetic disturbances therefore appear to be an unsatisfactory explanation
for many E-M cases, or UFO sightings in general.
Aurora
The following information on aurora is taken from IGY Bulletin No. 12, June
1958:
"Auroras
are the visible manifestation, in the earth's atmosphere, of a group of
phenomena resulting from disturbances in the sun's interior and surface
layers. They mark the paths within the atmosphere of the streams of solar
particles ejected by eruptions on the sun.... The best times of the year for
auroral observations are Spring and Fall. During March and September, in
particular, auroras are at an annual maximum of frequency and intensity. ...
In latitudes below 40°N., where auroras are rare, observations are made
primarily on nights when geomagnetic disturbances are expected, i. e., during
Alerts and SWI.... Four months of Weather Bureau observations indicate that
auroral motions are greatest at about midnight, and are predominantly from
west to east."
Since it has already been shown that there were no geomagnetic disturbances
during most of the Fall 1957 E-M sightings, and many of these E-M sightings
occurred in Texas and New Mexico (well below 40° N.), auroral effects fail to
account for the E-M phenomenon satisfactorily, except possibly in a very few
cases for radio noise and disruption of communication at other times.
Certainly no such explanation is adequate at any time for cases of motor and
headlight failures which have been directly associated with the presence of
an unidentified object nearby in the atmosphere.
(203)
SOURCES:
MAIN CHRONOLOGY
|
1.
Stringfield, Leonard; “Inside Saucer
|
|
30.
Thirouin, Marc, “Ouranos.” (27 Rue
|
|
Post…3-0 Blue.” (7017
Britton Ave.,
|
|
Etienne-Dolet, Bondy, Seine,
France)
|
|
2. TIME:
May 9, 1949; Menzel, Donald;
|
|
31. A.
P. R. O.
|
|
“Flying Saucers.” (Harvard Press,
|
|
32.
Trench, op cit., ppg. 162-163
|
|
c. 1954), page 24; etc.
|
|
33. A.
P. R. O. Bulletin, Sept. 1959
|
|
3. Tulsa (Okla)
Tribune, 12-1-57
|
|
34.
Associated Press, 11-4-57
|
|
4.
Miller, Max B. (1420 So. Ridgeley
Dr.
|
|
35. Casper Tribune-Herald,
11-5-57
|
|
Los Angeles 19, Calif.)
|
|
Casper Morning
Star, 11-5-57
|
|
5. A. P.
R. O. 4407 E. Linden, Tuscon,
|
|
36.
Charlotte (N.C.) Observer, 11-4-57 (AP)
|
|
Arizona
|
|
37. Hobbs News-Sun
11-5-57
|
|
6.
First-hand account on NICAP report form.
|
|
38. Amarillo Daily
News, 11-4-57
|
|
7.
Faria, J. Escobar (Rua General Mena
|
|
39.
International News Service,
|
|
Barreto, 527, Sao Paulo,
Brazil).
|
|
11-4-57. Associated Press, 11-3-57
|
|
8. New Orleans Item,
Sept. 21, 1954;
|
|
APRO Bulletin, Nov. 1957, Etc.
|
|
Ruppelt, E. J. “Report on Unidentified
|
|
40. Winnipeg Tribune,
11-7-57
|
|
Flying Objects.” (Doubleday, c.1956).,
|
|
41.
Faria J. Escobar
|
|
p. 71; etc..
|
|
42. Chicago Tribune,
11-5-57
|
|
9.
Michel, Aime; “Flying Saucers and the
|
|
43. Toronto Daily Star,
11-5-57
|
|
Straight Line Mystery.” (Criterion, c. 1958), p. 143
|
44.
Associated Press, 11-4-57, Clark,
|
|
|
10.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p150
|
|
Terry, (The Day All Roads Led to
|
|
11.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p157
|
|
Alamogordo”
Writer’s Digest,
|
|
12.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p158
|
|
December 1957, etc.
|
|
13.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p160
|
|
45. Anchorage
Daily News, 11-6-57
|
|
14.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p175
|
|
46. Amarillo
News, 11-7-57
|
|
15.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p185
|
|
47. El Paso
Times, 11-7-57
|
|
16.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p198
|
|
48.
Aurora (Ill)
Beacon-News, 11-7-57
|
|
17.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p203
|
|
49. Marietta (Ohio)
Times (AP) 11-6-57
|
|
18.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p204
|
|
50.
Associated Press, 11-5-57
|
|
19.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p204
|
|
51.
Faria, J. Excobar; APRO Bulletin, Sept. 1959
|
|
20.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p211n
|
|
52. Houston Chronicle,
11-6-57
|
|
21.
North East Breeze (weekly), week of
|
|
53.
Michel, op cit., p248; Santa
Fe
|
|
Dec 5, 1954
|
|
New Mexican, 11-6-57
|
|
22.
Keyhoe, Donald; “Flying Saucer Conspiracy”,
|
|
54.
Hammond (Ind)
Times, 11-7-57
|
|
(Henry Holt, c. 1955) p249.
|
|
55.
Michel, op cit., p248, CSI Newsletter
|
|
23.
Keyhoe, Donald; op cit., p265
|
|
#10 (67 Jane St., N.Y.,
14)
|
|
24.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p236
|
|
56.
Michel op cit., p248; APRO Bulletin,
|
|
25. Indianapolis Star,
8-27-55
|
|
January 1958
|
|
26.
Fulton, H. H. RNZAF (from Japan
News)
|
|
57.
Michel op cit., p254; APRO Bulletin,
|
|
27.
Trench, Brinsley lePoer, Ed.; “World
|
|
January 1958
|
|
UFO Roundup.” (Citadel, c. 1958) Ppg. 96-97.
|
|
58.
Michel, Aime; op cit., p263
|
|
28.
Mobridge (S. D.) Tribune, 11-22-56.
|
|
59. APRO
Bulletin, November 1957
|
|
Bowman (N. D. ) Pioneer, 11-22-56.
|
|
60. APRO
Bulletin, November 1957
|
|
29.
NICAP (From Air Force Intelligence Report).
|
|
61. Hammond Times,
11-13-57
|
|
|
|
62. Plymouth Record,
11-14-57
|
|
|
|
63.
Hazelton Plain Speaker, 11-13-57
|
|
|
|
64. Chicago American
(INS), 11-15-57
|
|
|
|
St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
(AP), 11-15-57
|
(204)
|
65.
Faria J. Escobar.
|
|
74.
Baltimore Sun, 1027-58; Baltimore
|
|
66.
Faria J. Escobar
|
|
News-Post, 10-27-58
|
|
67.
Ellensburg Daily Record, 12-4-57.
|
|
75. Greenville Record-Argus,
1-31-59
|
|
68. Ontario Daily
Nugget, 12-4-57
|
|
76. Flying
Saucer Review (London),
|
|
69.
First-hand report to NICAP
|
|
Sept – Oct, 1959
|
|
70. UFO
Bulletin, March 1958, (Box
1120,
|
|
77.
Associated Press, 2-26-29
|
|
G.P.P. Sydney, NSW, Australia.
|
|
78. APRO
Bulletin, November 1959
|
|
71. La
Presna, 2-1-58; United Press
|
|
from El Tribuno
|
|
72.
Faria, J. Escobar, from Italian Newspapers.
|
|
79. APRO
Bulletin, September 1959,
|
|
73.
Faria, J. Escobar
|
|
80.
Columnist Whitney Bolton, Newark
|
|
|
|
Evening News, 11-5-59
|
|
|
|
81. Grand Forks Herald,
1-21-60
|
SECONDARY CASES
(a)
Cumberland, Md. (AP)
7-23-52
(e) Miller, Max B., Saucers, Winter, ‘57-58.
(b)
Trench, op cit., ppg. 115-116
(f) Houston Chronicle,
11-7-57.
(c)
Glendora Press,
1-31-57.
(g) Honolula Star-Bulletin, 11-29-57.
(d)
Washington Star,
May 8-9,
1957.
(h) Ann Arbor
News, 12-2-57.
(i)
Portland Press-Herald,
12-8-59.
Appendix F
APPENDIX F
NICAP ADVISORS, AFFILIATES, AND SUBCOMMITTEES
Panel of Special Advisors
I. Science
II. Aviation and Missiles
Dr. James C.
Bartlett, Jr., Baltimore,
Capt. C. S. Chiles, Eastern Airlines,
Md. Astronomer;
member
Association
New York, N.Y.
of Lunar and
Planetary
Observers.
Samuel Freeman, Bedminister,
N.J.
Jack Brotzman, Naval Research Laboratory, past
president, National Aviation
Washington, D. C.,
Physicist
(electronics).
Trades Association.
Dr. Robert L.
Hall, University
of
Morton Gerla, Jamaica, N. Y. Aviation
Minnesota. Social psychologist
and
ordnance; Past Director, N.Y. Chapter,
Assistant
professor.
American Rocket Society.
Frank Halstead, Duluth,
Minnesota, Capt. Robt. B. McLaughlin, USN,
Former Curator,
Darling
Observatory,
Corona, California. Commanding
University of Minnesota.
Officer, Naval Ordnance Laboratory.
Dr. Leslie K.
Karburn, Los Angeles,
Capt. William B. Nash, Pan American
California. Biophysicist,
University
World Airways, Miami,
of Southern
California.
Florida.
Prof. N. N.
Kohanowski, Grand
Forks,
W. R. Peters, Coral Gables, Florida.
North Dakota. Geologist and
Mining
Former First Officer, Pan American
Engineer, University of N. Dakota.
World Airways.
Frank G.
Rawlinson, National
Aeronautics
Major John F. McLeod, USAF Res.,
and Space
Administration.
Former Air Force pilot, Civil Air
Washington D. C.
Physicist.
Patrol, Jacksonville, Florida.
Kenneth
Steinmetz, Denver, Colo.
George W. Early, B.S., Aeronautics,
Astronomer; former
head of
Denver
Hamilton-Standard Aviation Co.,
“Moonwatch”
program.
Admin. Engineer, Bloomfield,
Conn.
Walter N. Webb, Cambridge,
Mass.
III. Engineering and Photography
Chief Lecturer in
Astronomy,
Charles
Norman S. Bean, Miami,
Florida, Director
Hayden Planetarium, Boston.
of Engineering Development,
Station WTVJ.
Robert Beck, Hollywood,
California.
President, Color Control Company;
Electronics, optics, and photography.
(205)
Engineering and
Photography cont’d
IV. News and Public Relations
A. L. Cochran, Richardson, Texas
James C. Beatty, Rye,
N.Y. Public
Electronics
engineer.
Relations; Civil Defense and Ground
Ralph D. Mayher, Cleveland,
Ohio.
Observer Corps background.
News photographer,
Station
HYW.
Albert M. Chop, Santa
Monica, Calif.
Max B. Miller, Los
Angeles, Calif.
Former Air Force public information
Cinematography;
Producer of
official on UFOs.
Documentary
films.
Lou Corbin, Baltimore, Md. Chief
Warrant Officer,
D. C. Newhouse,
WFBR News Bureau.
USN, Coronado, California.
Chief
Leonard H. Stringfield, Cincinnati,
Photographer
(Aviation).
Ohio.
Public relations; Ground Observer
Wilbert B. Smith, Ottawa,
Canada.
Corps. UFO reporting post.
Electronics engineer.
NICAP-NYC
Affiliate, President,
Miss
Kansas City Affiliate, President
Miriam Brookman, 100
E. 21st. St., Arthur
H. Campbell, 4923 Troost Ave,
Brooklyn
26, N. Y.
Kansas City 10, Missouri.
NICAP BLUEGRASS
Affiliate,
President
KNOXVILLE NICAP Affiliate,
President
William D.
Leet, 808
Security
Charles Martin, 1130 Montview
Trust Building,
Lexington, Kentucky.
Drive, Knoxville, Tenn.
Subcommittees
California Unit #1, Los
Angeles NICAP, Indiana Unit #1
Subcommittee
(LANS).
Francis Ridge, Chairman, RR #5,
Mrs. Idabel
Epperson,
Vice-Chairman,
Box 23, Vincennes, Indiana
3790 S. Harvard Boulevard, Indiana Unit #2
Los Angeles 18, California.
Glen E. Zook, Secretary,
Canada, Alberta Unit #1
1106 West 16th St.,
W. K. Allan,
Chairman,
La Porte, Indiana.
2025-29th Avenue, S.
W., Massachusetts Unit #1,
Calgary, Alberta.
Walter N. Webb, Chairman,
Canada, Manitoba
Unit #1
16 Shepard St.,
Cambridge 38, Mass.
William M.
Car,
Chairman, Minnesota Unit #1
174 St. Anthony Ave.,
Winipeg 4,
Man.
Hub T. Sherman,
Chairman,
Chile, Santiago Unit #1
9300 11th Avenue South,
Juan E. Gatica
Salinas,
Chairman,
Minneapolis 20, Minn.
Casila No. 1,
El Golf, Santiago. Ohio
Unit #1
Illinois Unit #1
Donald Skiff, Chairman,
Gary N.
Longfellow,
Chairman,
4119 Eileen Drive,
212 Longfellow Ave, Alton, Illinois.
Cincinnati 9, Ohio.
Illinois Unit #2 Washington Unit #1, APRA-NICAP Subcommittee,
Robert C.
Burr, Chairman,
3824
Mrs. June Larson, Chairman,
N. Dayton Ave., Peoria,
Illinois.
11323 14th Av. N. E. Seattle 55, Wash.
(206)
GLOSSARY
|
AF.
|
Air Force.
|
|
AFB.
|
Air
Force Base.
|
|
ATIC.
|
Aerospace Technical
Intelligence Center,
Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton,
Ohio. Home of the Project
Blue Book UFO Investigation.
|
|
Blip.
|
Spot on
radar scope indicating presence of an aircraft or other object. Also
called return" or "target."
|
|
CAA.
|
Civil
Aeronautics Administration; now Federal Aviation Agency (FAA).
|
|
CIA.
|
Central
Intelligence Agency.
|
|
CIRVIS.
|
Communications
Instructions for Reporting Vital Intelligence Sightings; intelligence network
detailed in order by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, JANAP-146 (see below).
|
|
Contactee.
|
Person
who claims to have contacted a "space man;" usually involving
alleged intelligent communication.
|
|
E-M
case.
|
Electro-magnetic
case; see Appendix E.
|
|
Fact
sheet.
|
In the
context of unidentified flying objects, refers to periodical Air Force
publications by that name giving statistical summaries of recent UFO
sightings.
|
|
Fireball.
|
Very
bright meteor.
|
|
Flap.
|
Originally
an Air Force term indicating general confusion; now connotes periods in
which large numbers of UFOs are reported in a short period of time.
|
|
Foo-Fighter.
|
Name
given to unidentified flying objects which paced allied and enemy planes in
World War II.
|
|
Fortean.
|
Adjective
implying odd or unusual happenings, such as the events chronicled by
Charles Fort.
|
|
GCI.
|
Ground
Control Intercept (radar).
|
|
GOC.
|
Ground
Observer Corps; plane spotters formerly linked with radar networks for air
defense.
|
|
Intercept(ion).
|
Flying
term for attempt to overtake or head off unidentified aircraft or object.
|
|
JANAP.
|
Joint
Army-Navy-Air Force Publication; specifically JANAP-146 out-lining secret
transmission of UFO and other reports of objects considered to be a
potential threat to the country.
|
|
Mother
ship.
|
A
carrier aircraft which launches and receives on board smaller aircraft or
missiles in flight.
|
|
PIO.
|
Public
Information Officer.
|
|
RAF.
|
Royal
Air Force (Great Britain.)
|
|
Scramble.
|
Rapid take-off
of fighter aircraft to attempt interception of unidentified aircraft or
object.
|
|
Skyhook.
|
Large
plastic research balloon, translucent, generally teardrop shaped.
|
|
Temperature
inversion.
|
Common weather
phenomenon in which a layer of heated air lies below a layer of cooler air,
sometimes forming a lens which bends light rays from the ground or air,
making the original light source appear to be in a different position.
|
|
Theodolite.
|
A
telescopic instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
|
|
UFO.
|
Unidentified
Flying Object.
|
|
UFOlogy.
|
The
study of unidentified flying objects.
|
|
Unknown.
|
The Air
Force term for UFOs which could not be explained in conventional terms after
thorough investigation.
|
(207)
PARTIAL INDEX
|
Air
Force, UFO policy of
|
85-88,
100-101,120, 139-140, 167-170, 172-174
|
|
Angel's
Hair
|
41-43,
58-63, 79, 93-94
|
|
Brazilian
photograph (frontispiece)
|
80-81,115
|
|
Congress,
Report to
|
Part I,
Chapter 2
|
|
Electro-magnetic
(E-M) effects
|
71-74,
80, 82, 94
|
|
Killian,
Captain Peter, American Airlines, sighting 2/24/59
|
101-103
|
|
Moore, Olden, sighting, November 6,
1957
|
103-104
|
|
Nash, Capt.
Wm. B., Pan American Airways, sighting 7/14/52
|
22, 65
|
|
Newhouse,
W/O D. C., sighting and movie 7/2/52
|
82,
86-87
|
|
Pacific
Airline sighting, July 11, 1950
|
21-22
|
|
Physiological
effects
|
74,
75,112-113, Appendix E
|
|
Red Bluff,
California,
sighting August 13, 1960
|
3-4,
Appendix A
|
|
Redmond, Oregon, sighting September 24, 1959
|
8-9,
Appendix A
|
|
Scientists,
UFO reports by
|
35,144,
147-160, Appendix D
|
|
Scientists,
comments by
|
7, 33,
39-40, 83,139,175; Appendix C
|
|
"Space
Men" reports
|
28, 30,
95-99
|
|
Stokes,
James, White Sands engineer, sighting, 11/6/57
|
73 and
74, Appendix E
|
|
Washington, D.C. sightings, July 1952
|
66-67,
114-115
|
(208)
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